The Most Influential Muslim Philosophers

The history of the Islamic world has been one of weak state institutions and state underperformance, coupled with a high prevalence of violence, both by the state and by individuals. A major reason for these negative trends has been the role of political Islam in privileging homogeneity over diversity, in stifling dissent in public and private life, and the societal stagnation that follows such rigid controls. Malaysia and Indonesia have been notable exceptions to the underperformance of Islamic cultures.

Out of all the different choices human’s have to make not all of them are made using freewill, for example someone’s choice may me chosen by something or someone else and thus any evil that is caused from that choice was not chosen via freewill. If evil is created this way then it is not supporting the existence of god. There are many examples of this like how suffering (evil) may be created from a natural disaster, which was not an option someone had chosen via freewill, this creates a problem for the free will defence. Not all evil is due to choices human’s have made. In response to this problem for the free will defence, if god was all good, powerful and knowing then he would have been able to prevent and stop natural disasters as the evil they create is not due to freewill. However, this is evidently not true as natural disasters have

The Islamic people had a very powerful culture. Muslims mastered many crafts and trade which helped them grow and prosper. Modern cultures have used and built onto many ideas that the Islamic people had implemented into their own lives. The Islamic people strived in science, philosophy, astronomy, geography, mathematics, and medicine. This DBQ will talk about his topic.

Why does an omnipotent and omnibenevolent God allow natural and moral evil to happen without any restrictions? John Hick, a proponent of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz’s theodicy defense, answered: “in order that human beings, as free responsible agents, may use this world as a place of “soul making,” which involves the spiritual perfection of our character and persons” (Pojman 74). According to Hick, creation has not been finished its work, it is still undergoing a process, that is, the lives of individual human beings. Hick believed that God is omnibenevolent because he is allowing us to learn how to be perfect on our own.

The plain concept is that without letting some evil, God could not have completed a creation which had any good, because it is unmanageable for good will to exist without evil.

When we are discussing the problem of evil, we are specifically discussing a God that is omniscient, omnipotent, and perfectly good. A God that is perfectly good would not allow suffering to exist, and any minute amount of suffering that exists disproves God’s existence. Unless, the suffering is justified with an adequate reason. However, even then there seems to be large amounts of evil in the world that seems unnecessary for any good reason. By evil and suffering I mean death, pain, and disease. I will be using these terms interchangeably. In the problem of evil, many arguments are placed in order to find a justification for the evil that exists. However,

In 1930, Poole met Fard Muhammad, who believed that it was time for the blacks to return to Islam, supposedly the religion of their ancestors. He became devoted to the religion, and, in 1934, was given the title "Supreme Minister." In 1942, he was jailed for evading the draft. The draft called for all males between the ages of 18 and 44 to join, and he refused, on claims that he was 45 and that his religion forbid it. Muhammad was then released at the end of the war, and found a likeness of himself in Malcolm X, which was one of the young new Muslims who had joined the Nation of Islam after the war. When he was released in 1946, he was undisputed head of the nation of Islam. Later in the 1950s Muhammad claimed X as his best disciple. Then,

Either it wasn’t perfect to begin with or it was enabled to go wrong from the beginning therefore not being perfect. This, of course, goes back to the problems of evil presented to us by Epicurus and J.L Mackie. Maybe God doesn’t have the power to create a perfect world where evil is nonexistent or maybe he just wanted to see humans suffer and he is not omnibenevolent after

Every action cannot be a cause and effect if there is a choice to change from one belief to another.

In God everything is spontaneous, all persons have the freedom to do what he wills when said persons are conscious, and this is a volition. Volition stems from “to do it” and the ability “to do so.” When conditions are par with the will to do something and equally par with the will to not do something no violation occurs (pg1 para1). This equilibrium causes a balance of indifference. Accepting that all conditions are primed for action, the willing still remains stagnant if conditions are equally contrary to conditions weighed prier (pg1 para2).

Furthermore, this premise means either things that are going to happen are foreseen by god or what god foresees will happen. In both cases humans free will is gone or either destroyed.

If we did not have evil in the world, then we would not be able to make mistakes and be able to learn from them. God allows evil to exist in this world for exactly that reason. “If God exists then he is omniscient, omnipotent and perfectly good. If God were omniscient, omnipotent and perfectly good then the world would not contain evil. The world contains evil. Therefore: It is not the case that God exists” (Holt). God has to exist if he allows evil to occur. “God allows some evil because it builds positive character in the victims or in others which outweighs the negative value of the evil itself” (Augustine). This perfectly explains why God allows evil in the world and why we need to keep it. After people overcome evil, it gives them hope and understanding of why they went through what they did. It is important to have a fear of something because it can give you an imperfect world. If God controlled everything that is evil and fixed it or took it away, who knows what kind of life we would have or would be

Islamic rule spread over major areas of Africa, the Middle East, South, Southeast and Central Asia, Spain, and Southern Italy. Many Christians saw Islam as a religion of the sword. They have been very violent throughout their history. Arabian armies engaged in attacking the remnants of the Byzantine Empire. The First Crusade was launched in order to stop the Arabian invaders.

Jihad – a dispute or war between followers of Islam faith and those who do not follow the Islam faith; a struggle within a Muslim between good and evil (Dictionary)

"Islam" is derived from the Arabic root salaama meaning peace, purity, submission and obedience. Islam stands for making peace by submitting to the will of God and obeying His law. Jews and Christians view Islam as the latest of the world's great religions. However, worldwide Muslims (sometimes written "Moslems") understand their universal religion as the "final religion" and the "primal religion."