The Motivational Theories Of Abraham Maslow And Frederick Herzberg

* The need for self actualisation is the pinnacle of human needs according to Maslow. To reach the point where these needs are met, one needs not only to have met the previous four, but needs to have mastered them as

Imagine a girl with a heart of compassion but a past filled with adversity. Imagine living in a childhood filled with sexual abuse and neglect; a home so broken there wasn’t enough tape and glue out there to put it back together. Picture laying in bed at night as a little girl shivering with fear and wondering if the struggle would ever end. Now picture her as an adult driving to a local mental health clinic on any given weekday. She gracefully walks into the building and saunters down the hall to a quaint little office in the corner of the building. She enters a room with walls that have heard experiences and stories of hundreds of others. These walls have seen enough tears to fill up an ocean with waves of anxiety and depression that can take you under in a single swoop. She proceeds to sit down in her office chair and gathers her schedule of clients she has to see for the day. She isn’t the client like you most likely expected. She is the clinician; a wounded healer. A past of adversity does not have to equate to perpetual anguish. I believe that life is about turning trials into triumph.

Maslow used this concept to portray the needs and wants of individuals in the workplace. He used a pyramid scheme to aid in his portrayal of the several stages of requirements each individual faced. Maslow discovered that there were five categories of needs that each individual possessed: Physiological, Safety, Social, Esteem and Self Actualisation. In order from left to right, as each need became satisfied the next stage becomes more important to achieve, therefore, more useful as a motivator. Similarly, like Maslow, Herzberg also created multiple influential theories that helped shape managerial thought as it stands today. Herzberg’s greatest contribution to this field lies in his “Two-Factor Theory” (Motivation-Hygiene Theory). Like Maslow’s “Hierarchy of Needs”, this theory also states that individual’s have needs and wants in the work place. As a result of multiple tests, Herzberg concluded that employee’s have two specific sets of needs in the workplace. These needs were separated into Hygiene and Motivator factors. Examples of “Hygiene” factors included wages and working conditions, whereas, “Motivating” factors tended more towards recognition and reward. There are huge similarities to be found between both Maslow and Herzberg’s concepts of motivational factors as both recognise the importance of employee’s needs and wants being

Abraham Maslow’s theory, Theory of Hierarchy Needs, is a motivational theory in psychology that has a tier model of the five things a human needs. Maslow stated that people are motivated to achieve certain needs and that some needs take precedence over others. The five stages, from bottom to top, include Physiological needs( food, water, warmth, and rest), the second stage: Safety Needs ( security and safety), third stage: Belongingness and love needs ( intimate relationships and friends), the fourth stage: Esteem Needs (prestige and feeling of accomplishment), and finally the last stage: Self-actualization ( achieving one’s full potential, including creative potential). The five stage model can be divided into

Abraham Maslow stated that humans are driven by biologically established needs, which he identifies as deficiency needs (basic) and growth needs (meta) (The Art Institute of Pittsburgh, 2017). As most theories, the theory of self-actualization theory is based on stages to pass from one to another. The Maslow 's theory is often displayed as a pyramid where the lowest level that has to be fulfilled before any other upper level are the basic needs and the complex needs are at the top of the pyramid. In addition, Maslow contends that these self-actualizing individuals are highly creative and demonstrate a capacity to resolve dichotomies inherent in ultimate contraries, such as life versus death and freedom versus determinism, as examples (Olson, 2013).

The principals of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs outline our behavior and actions as being driven by a ‘hierarchy’ of needs; lower level needs, like survival, must be satisfied before motivation moves on to meet higher level needs, such as ‘connection feeling’ and self-actualization (iwise2.com, 2012).

According to Abraham Maslow all humans have certain requirements that must be met so they may reach their full potential. Maslow's hierarchy of needs can be envisioned as a pyramid, with the basic needs forming the foundation and the higher needs at the top. There are four basic needs that must be fulfilled before one can begin to gain their full potential: physiological needs such as hunger, thirst, and bodily comforts, the need for safety and security, the individual must feel out of danger, the need to feel belongingness and love, individuals must associate with others and be accepted, and the need for self-esteem, which comes from accomplishments, competence, approval and recognition. After the basic needs are met people can then begin satisfy their higher needs. These are our cognitive needs, aesthetic needs, need to self-actualize, and finally at the

During his lifetime, Abraham Maslow 's work revolved around studying motivation and needs. He was the creator of the theory of motivation. This theory was originated off of the idea of having self-actualizing needs that have to be fulfilled. There is a difference in classification of these needs, with there being lower and higher needs. This difference created what is known as the hierarchy of needs (Sheehy, Chapman, & Conroy, 1997; Wilson, 1972). These include physiological, safety, belongingness and love, esteem, self-actualization- holistic dynamic theory (Dobbert & Mackey, 2015; Maslow, 1971; Sheehy, Chapman, & Conroy, 1997). The lowest needs have to be satisfied to reach the higher needs (Sheehy, Chapman, & Conroy, 1997). These lower needs are known as basic needs, and they are what drive humans to self-actualize (Dobbert & Mackey, 2015; Wilson, 1972). The first of these lower needs is physiological needs, such as hunger and thirst. Next is safety needs, or desire to feel secure and free from harm. After comes love needs, which are also known as belongingness needs. These needs are met when one feels as though they have people who need them. Next, esteem needs are fulfilled when they are able to gain a satisfying image of themselves. Finally, the last need is self-actualization, or the desire to reach one 's fullest capacity in life (Sheehy, Chapman, & Conroy, 1997; Taormina & Gao, 2013; Wilson, 1972).

The two-factor theory by Frederick Herzberg was based how the employees themselves felt about their jobs. The two factors are the hygiene factor which had to do with the working environment and the motivator factor which is linked to an employee's performance. These factors are not best applicable to a sales force as they are usually goal orientated and look for set objectives.

An American psychologist, Abraham Maslow, became widely known for developing a theory of psychological health. With this in mind, his research discovered people tend to motivate around the ability to achieve certain needs for reaching a level of fulfillment in their lives. Maslow’s concept, known as the hierarchy of needs, brought into prominence the notion of self-actualization introduced some years earlier by Kurt Goldstein. Self-actualization evolves from the achievement of an individual’s full potential accomplished by passing through all the levels of the hierarchy to its zenith. And while many psychological theories tend to take on aberrational qualities, this one appears quite rational and stands the test of time. In fact, its

Each person has a reason for the actions and behaviors they execute daily, those reasons are their motivations. These motivations are unique to the individual, as Abraham Maslow, an American psychologist, wrote in his 1943 paper, A Theory of Human Motivation, in which he describes the hierarchy of needs, generalizing what every human requires for life. He describes these needs as a five-tiered hierarchy system and are what motivates each human in their life and is structured so that an individual cannot reach the next tier unless the lower one(s) have been fulfilled, though not necessarily at 100 percent fulfillment. Maslow believed that every person has the desire to reach self-actualization, the fifth tier in his hierarchy, though not

Once all lower level needs are met, Maslow’s theory suggest that the fulfillment of those needs progress towards ones self-actualization of their greatest potential. The seeking of self-actualization can consist of personal knowledge, self- fulfillment, religion ("Maslow Theory of Motivation - A Paradigm Shift", n.d.).

According to the Greenwood Dictionary of Education (2011), Abraham Maslow, an American psychologist, believed that everyone has a need for self-actualization, to develop an individual’s full potential by maximizing his/her talents and abilities. Maslow proposed that human needs are categorized in a hierarchy into the following requirements (from basic to complex and/or advanced needs): physiological, safety, love and belonging, esteem, and then self-actualization (Maslow, 2006). The hierarchy is often projected as a pyramid figure, with basic needs at the bottom, and more complex needs at the top. According to Atkins (2001), people must achieve lower needs before they attempt to fulfill higher and more advanced ones (p. 1396).

In order to understand a person motivation you have to understand individuals basic needs and whether are not they are being met. A good manager has to know how those need interact with a person’s motivation and Maslow Theory is the good example. Maslow’s theory is that needs are arranged in a hierarchy, the lowest level needs physiological needs to the highest levels or self-actualization needs (Ivancevich et al., 2011). Physiological is the lowest level and it is the need for food and shelter (Ivancevich et al., 2011). The next level in Maslow’s theory is safety. This is when a person feels they are free from threating events or from their surroundings (Ivancevich et al., 2011). Belongingness is the need for friendships and

Herzberg’s two-factor theory Psychologist Frederick Herzberg developed a ‘two-factor’ theory for motivation based on ‘motivators’ and ‘hygience factors’. Hygience factors are basic human needs at work. It do not motivate but failure to meet them causes dissatisfaction. The hygience factors