Introduction
Various companies, from the large integrated ones, such as Royal Dutch Shell, British Petroleum (BP), Exxon-Mobil, to small exploration and production one like Cairn Energy, operate in the oil and gas industry. Each of these companies faces some financial, commercial or contractual considerations similar throughout the industry, and some peculiar to the area of operation within the industry. Problems within the oil and gas companies have occurred in the past due to askew interests and these problems are likely to occur in the future. Managers within the oil and gas industries requires essential working knowledge of the concepts involved in the decision-making process.
Financial, Commercial and Contractual Management in the
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There is need for them to therefore be familiar with capital structure theory as well as the benefits and drawbacks involved in the kind of method adopted in sourcing for funds.
a. The Dividend or Pay Out Area: This has to do with how and what to be paid out to shareholders and other investors and it is linked to the earlier decision areas, as an oil and gas company that chooses to spend all of its free cash-flow and borrow to fund a large project will have little left to return to the shareholders. The striking argument here is that managers of oil and gas industry companies need be mindful of the choices available to them in pay out policy and in what way these choices impact on shareholders’ wealth.
Like every other company whose main objective is growth and profitability, the oil and gas industry is also tasked with developing and implementing commercial strategies that are beneficial to the growth of the industry. These commercial schemes help to identify and develop business opportunities, managing projects from inception to conception, ensuring the organisation grows in line with the business strategies and policies while maximizing commercial interest and profitability.
Maximization of returns and benefits are the major determinants state considers for adopting particular petroleum fiscal regime in the course of exploiting its petroleum resources (Saidu, 2014). The contractual form changes between and within countries
Each company has a different strategic approach to the above value chain, the following will examine British Petroleum (BP) against Exxon Mobil (EM) in particular an evaluation of their resource management, capabilities, operational activities, and competitive advantages. The analysis and conclusion of the following will define market leadership, and how this position can be sustained in a changing industry.
Houston, which is the fourth most populous city in the nation and the largest in the southern U.S. and Texas, has been developing strong economy, especially in oil and gas industry. During the last decades of the twentieth century, Houston focused on developing energy industry—which comprises oil and gas exploration and production, oilfield equipment manufacturing and wholesaling, and pipeline transportation. However, some economists doubt that depending on oil and gas too much could make Houston particularly vulnerable to economic downturns determined by energy prices, the national economy, and the value of the dollar against foreign currencies. In fact, oil and gas have driven the Houston economy and been responsible for 50% of the jobs related to the export of goods and services outside the area. This research focuses on analyzing some factors including the incentive programs (local and state policies about taxation) and state organizations including the Texas General Land Office and the Texas Railroad Commission as contributions to regulate and organize oil and gas industry in order to develop Houston economy healthily and prosperously. Besides that, facts and figures from secondary resources are showed as achievements of Houston in developing economy depending on oil and gas industry. Clearly, thanks to state and local policies and programs as well as these state organizations in oil and gas industry, Houston is a potential economy region whose economy is growing faster
Oil was first thought to be discovered in the state of Louisiana in 1868 by the Louisiana Oil and Coal Company fifteen miles west of Lake Charles. However, the Louisiana Oil and Coal Company was unsuccessful at drilling oil but the company did find extensive sulfur deposits. (Louisiana Mid-Continent Oil and Gas Association. (n.d.). Retrieved October 07, 2016, from http://www.lmoga.com/resources/oil-gas-101/history-of-the-industry/) Oil was first discovered in Louisiana on September 21, 1901. (Louisiana Mid-Continent Oil and Gas Association. (n.d.). Retrieved October 07, 2016, from http://www.lmoga.com/resources/oil-gas-101/history-of-the-industry/)
The client had seen a record oil sand production through important milestones and operational performance. Building strong midstream capabilities had provided Suncor with triple their production to compete the market. During 2002, with the major competitors Suncor was not doing well, however once they bought petro Canada over, then they came to the second place in the energy industry. Suncor has made an improvement through the use of technology to lower the long run costs through innovation for sustainable energy development. Suncor has started decline with the market, for pipeline constraints, new entry of energy companies, and by higher costs to produce oil. In order to find the risks of this company, client risks must be identified, testing according to the plan must be done to improve the profit and revenue.
This report presents information regarding the industry, the primary operator of oil and gas field properties. The industry fuels its key buyers, the Natural Gas Distribution (22121) and the Petroleum Refining (32411) industries, with crude oil and natural gas. The industry continuously battles a shortage of available oil. In addition, many major oil fields have been in use for decades, slowly waning. Currently, the industry grosses among the most profitable in the US despite these and similar obstacles. The benefits of investing here
The scope of the financial management is to secure the capital needed by the enterprise, and
Chesapeake Energy operates under the natural oil and gas industry. While government’s economic data may separate operations within this industry, the industry covers a broad range of activities and is separated into three segments: upstream, downstream, and midstream. Activities within this industry by oil and gas companies include exploring for crude oil or natural gas, drilling into wells, and such transportation of oil and natural gas. Just as any other industry, the gas and oil industry have major risks that companies take into consideration and extensively consider. These risks have the capability of drastically affecting operations, and ultimately the profitability and financial stability of a company. Three top risks related to oil and gas companies are volatile prices of oil and gas, regulatory changes, and finding new reserves or extending prior ones.
Over the course of this paper, we will take an in-depth look at information regarding John D Rockefeller 's creation of the Standard Oil Company and oil industry. First, we 'll review entrepreneurial and economic genius that leads to Rockefeller’s entry into the oil industry. Second, we 'll highlight how Standard Oil became the largest oil company in the United States. Next, the innovative products and procedures that Standard Oil creates to keep the company relevant throughout the era. Lastly, how the dissolution of Standard Oil paves the way for a diverse oil market with companies specializing in different productions. Rockefeller’s business sense creates a period of innovation and advancement of the none-existent oil industry that remains relevant today. This can be seen in his early years.
The U.S. Energy Sector is one of the most critical infrastructures, essential for the functionality of the U.S. as we know it. Why is that you might ask. This is because it provides support and keeps all the other critical infrastructures running. Without the Energy Sector the country might as well shut down and be of no use. With the energy sector affected, there would be immediate panic and a visible effect on the economy and its people. So, let’s dive in, what is the Energy Sector all about?
Participating in the Oilsim training sessions gave me a broad understanding of the key phases of the petroleum exploration and production process. It helped me understand process lifecycle as well as the workflow in the upstream and midstream sectors of the oil and gas industry. It also gave me an overview of the risk and rewards associated with the process as well as the social, environmental and financial impacts of the process.
By 2001, almost 50 years after its inception, Petrobras had become a fully integrated oil and gas company. Petrobras was the seventh largest publicly traded oil and gas company in the world based upon proven reserves, the largest Brazilian corporation, the third largest Latin American corporation, and the 185th largest global company, by 2001 consolidated revenues. In Brazil, Petrobras had a dominant position in both upstream and downstream activities. The company’s combined oil and gas production was 1,621 tbpd and it had proven reserves estimated at around 9.3 billion boe.5 (Exhibit 1 provides selected oil and gas data for Petrobras and other oil companies.) Most of the firm’s proven reserves were located in very deep waters (more than 400 meters) and Petrobras was the world’s pioneer in deep water oil exploration and production. Furthermore, with approximately
The oil and gas E&P industry started back in 1859, when the Pennsylvania Rock Oil Company of New York regrouped as Seneca Oil Company, found the first ever marketable oil near Titusville, Pennsylvania. Edwin Drake, a former railroad man, discovered a great amount of oil in his well that was refined into kerosene, a petroleum product. Even before the “Drake Folly” (AOGHS), oil was sold and used for medicine, oil was only produced and found at smaller amounts. After this finding, the exploration and production industry hit off from that point on to discover more wells through drilling grounds all over the United States to find commercial oil to be refined into the market.
Due to the availability of resource oil market, Aidan Harvey, who is the founder and current executive director of Tullow oil plc established and incorporated the company in 1985. The company has been in operation for a period of 30 years in the oil industry. It is the leading independent company in oil and gas exploration mostly operating in Africa and Atlantic Margins. The main activity has been exploring and producing light oil and it has 148 licenses in about 24 countries approximated to be in 67 fields in operations. The base assets of the company are in both onshore and offshore oil exploration and production in all the blocks they have acquired the licenses to explore and produce oil. The company has its properties in South Asia, South America, Europe and Africa, where currently Tullow is the leading oil and gas exploration and production company. Africa has been the virgin continent which has not exploited their natural resources like oil compared to the rest of the world. This is an opportunity for Tullow to maximize their expertise in the oil and gas exploration. However, due to the volatility of oil and gas price, the company have been faced with some threats and risks in exploration and production of oil and gas hence affecting the company operations in the long run.
Starting my petroleum engineering degree, the oil and gas industry was doing very well at the time.The price of oil was around a hundred dollars per barrel, new independent companies were frequently being created, and the employment rate after graduating with a petroleum engineering degree was close to one hundred percent.However, the outlook of the industry has drastically changed while being in school.The price of oil is now hovering around thirty dollars per barrel and many companies are now having to declare bankruptcy because the cost of new drilling is not economically feasible.This applies to production companies, service companies, and drilling companies.These days, more petroleum engineers are being layed off rather than being
The construction industry like many other industries has changed and evolved with time. It is the fourth largest contributor to Australia’s GDP and has played a major role in determining economic growth of the country. In terms of employment, the industry has employed 9% of the Australian workforce making it the fourth largest industry (ABS data).