The Phenomenon of Interlanguage

It refers to the use of the two languages within sentences or a conversation. When this alternation between the two languages occur at the sentence level it is referred to as code-mixing. According to Paradis et al. (2011), code switching and mixing are used by many typically developing, proficient bilinguals in all countries of all languages. This suggests that code switching is a perfectly normal behavior that does not need therapeutic intervention. Bilingual children commonly use switch coding to help them connect the languages they are learning. Researchers have found that code switching may occur in varying frequency depending on the situation or the context of interaction. However, increased use of the behavior suggests lack of competency in the language that is being used less frequently (Roseberry-McKibbin,

How does our native language affect we think about the world and our place in it? How is speaking more than one language difficult? Tom Munnecke’s purpose was talking about how learning many languages frustrated him, and how each language frustrated him. Each of these languages he saw as “shells,” and he goes on to talk about each language and its limitations and/or opportunities. The audience for Nothing is Missing are people who are interested in learning one, or more than one, different language. This article could also apply to people who are already bilingual, or already know multiple languages. Munecke would like people who are interested in learning more than one language to know how the first language we speak affects the way we

Selinker, (1972),used the name interlanguage to a developing system of the second languagelearners. The analysis of a learner's system of interlanguage shows that it has some features of the target language and some features of the first language.( Lightbown and Spada, 2013:43). It has been found to be systematic, but the it is also dynamic, continually developing whenever learners receive more input and revise his/her knowledge about the rules of second language (ibid:43).

In a multilingual or bilingual environment, use of code switching is a common practice. This research aims at finding the attitude of students towards code switching on daily conversation. Nipel (2006) investigates social culture linguistics where students frequently use code switching a lot as not to break a conversation that they are participating in. Therefore, code switching is always used by students who are from the same area and speak the same language. The definition of code switching has been suggested by many researchers in the past. For example, Wardhaugh (2006) in his book defined code switching as switching from one code to another in order to create a new code. In other words, it is defined as a form of identity marker for a group of speakers who use more than one language. Moreover, Myers-Scotton (2006) defined code switching as the use of two different language types in a single or same conversation. Therefore, code-switching is the collocation within the same conversation between two people who use different grammatical systems while participating in the conversation. Code-Switching occurs when two languages are used in one interaction session between two bilingual speakers (Young, 2014).

Human have the capability to utilize complicated language, exceedingly more than any other set on Earth. We collaborate in every distant to use language for cammunication; language is frequently used to communicate about and even invent and preserve our social world. Laguage use and human sociality are special parts of humanity as a consanguineous species.

A fundamental goal of learning a foreign language is to communicate. Today, the need of interacting in English effectively, is increasing. This is needed to be able to interact with both native and non-native speakers. A reason can be the diversity in populations which is growing because of migration and many adult learners study English because they need it in workplace settings, where they communicate with English-speaking colleagues or just for English environment. These learners would benefit from a wide repertoire of the learning language to communicate meaningfully.

Around 6,000 to 7,000 languages are spoken daily around the world, but as time goes on the amount of people that know each language is decreasing. Schools should have foreign language class. Initially, students who are bilingual have a brighter future. At the same time, language class helps students overall in school. Following this, being fluent in more than one language may improve one’s appreciation and respect for others. At the same time, when considering learning a second language one may want to consider the few cons. Undeniably, if students study a foreign language,they will be better

The first language helps in the initial stages of second language acquisition as it can serve as a referent and a tool to which students can turn when needed. It is useful, for example, to turn to the first language during the acquisition of new vocabulary or to compare the structures of both the first and the second language for understanding in a better way some concepts like verb tenses.

With the many different cultures in the world comes many different languages. While languages are very interesting, they can make communication between two people of different backgrounds difficult. There have been multiple instances in my life where I could not effectively communicate due a language barrier.

On February 26, 2016 I attended to PS 246 and I observed a Pre-K; English Second Language (ESL). The class was interested because it engage to all the children. Each child needed to develop a non fiction book. The book needed to include a beginning, a middle and a final sentence. The children were given instruction of what to do and how to do the non fiction book. For instance; the teacher wrote and draw the instruction in the blackboard. Also, the teacher gave to each child a rubric paper in order for them to follow up in the instructions. The teacher provided double of the instructions. Thankfully, 80 % of the class was able to follow the instructions.

So, children imitate to mix two languages while communication. Moreover, from Gutierrez-Clellen, Simon-Cereijido and Erickson Leone’s point of view (2009), compared to monolingual children, bilingual children who have potentially negative consequences of language mixing that having limited memory capacity and must store words from two languages. They also lack sufficient vocabulary in one or both languages to express themselves in communication. Therefore, in other word bilingual children borrow words from the other language and mix them in their utterances. Following to Li (2007), language mixing or code- switching is occurring when a word or a phrase in one language substitutes for a word or phrase in a second language, for instance:

Language acquisition is very interesting topic, recently become part of our life and it helps the communication between people not only enables us to understand others. Also it has aids in developing relationships, as we know this language is crucial part of everyday life.

One thing bilingual education critics forget is that people come from different backgrounds that have differing cultures and language. If everybody was to speak his language, then no communication would ever be realized is this fast globalizing world. With globalization the world is becoming a one small village. This calls for a dear need to have a unified language that will ease communication among different people from different parts of the world. In that regard, you find that bilingual education is an inevitable thing if globalization is expected to be effective. For this purpose, a language has to be developed. Out of the many languages available, English seems to be taking the lead in becoming the global language. The reasons behind English’s international presence are but though influence from Britain and USA has made the language dominate. Thus, it is unarguable that all non-English speaking countries must put efforts into place that ensure everybody resident in their country

In this world, there are a lot of languages used to communicate. Nation and cultural diversity are a source of variation in the languages. The diversity of the language used by a particular group is a factor of the occurrence of bilingualism. According to Grosjean (1984, p. 1) bilingualism is the use of two or more languages. The proficiency of bilingualism may vary depending on the exposure to the other users of language and opportunities to use the language. It is one of the factors of replacement of the language. This phenomenon known as code switching, it can occur as a whole, the incorporating elements of other languages in the language being used, or the turn of a variation of a language. Based on Poplack (1980) theory code switching is the alternation of two languages within a single discourse, sentence or constituent. Garrett (2010, p. 11) said that code switching is the most powerful feature of informal communication. Code switching happens when speakers speak in one language into another language as example when they

Through looking at patterns of social interaction of different languages it is easy to predict the linguistic results of language contact. This could be seen through multilingualism which is a result of language contact between multiple different languages. Multilingualism can create diglossia which helps display the multilingualism of a country or community and helps show it is useful for predicting the results of language contact. Code switching in which people switch from one language to another depending on the situation, helps show how social interaction between speakers of different languages helps us predict the linguistic results of language contact. Then there is dialect levelling and language change which helps show the beginning