Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a complex genetic disorder caused by a chromosomal abnormality. It is characterized by mild to moderate hyperphagia, severe obesity, intellectual disabilities, and behavioral and psychiatric difficulties. Characteristic behavioral disturbances in PWS include excessive interest in food, skin picking, temper tantrums, obsessive and compulsive behaviors, and mood fluctuations. It occurs in approximately one in 25,000 to 30,000 live births with no distinguishing sex or race association.
One of the most difficult challenges for those caring for individuals with PWS is hyperphagia—abnormally increased appetite and lack of satiety—and the subsequent obesity. Obesity-related complications of PWS, such a respiratory failure, diabetes mellitus, and congestive heart failure, have been recognized as the main causes of morbidity and mortality in individuals with PWS. Untreated obesity limits the life expectancy from 20 to 30 years old. The diminished chance of an individual with PWS to survive into adult life makes the treatment of eating behavior and the subsequent obesity mandatory. The causes of hyperphagia and lack of satiety are unknown, limiting the number conclusive treatment options available. Since the etiology of hyperphagia is unknown, current research lacks a specific direction. Possible interventions range from medical interventions to behavioral management procedures. A review of the literature on techniques for controlling eating,
Symptoms. Prader-Willi syndrome presents symptoms beginning in utero, where the fetus is less active than one without the
Depression- Because some one has lost their appetite could be a sign of depression and this is a common with people with dementia. There are treaments which could help with depression which are medication or other therapies. Speak to their GP or nurse for guidance.
Waardenburg Syndrome is a group of genetic conditions that can lead to hearing loss and changes in the color of hair, skin, and eyes (Genetics 2013). Cases of Waardenburg Syndrome are not very common. There are different types of symptoms of the syndrome. Waardenburg Syndrome can be inherited either on an autosomal dominant pattern or autosomal recessive pattern (Calendar 2013). The ways of diagnosing Waardenburg Syndrome include certain tests to detect the disorder. While Waardenburg Syndrome cannot be cured, treatments can be given to lessen the effects. Like other diseases, Waardenburg Syndrome has certain symptoms, inheritance patterns, diagnosis and treatments.
Angelman syndrome (AS) and Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) are both congenital neurological disorders that cause physical and mental impairment. There are many ways to get AS and PWS, but genomic imprinting is the most common cause. AS is typically misdiagnosed as Cerebral Palsy or Autism and symptoms for AS and PWS may vary between patients. There is no cure for AS or PWS, but physical and mental therapy can help.
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome is a very rare genetic disorder that causes the affected individuals to appear older than what they are. Individuals are able to be affected by this disorder as earlier as a their first few months of life. There have been reported cases of infection seen in the fetus. Characteristics of progeria include limited growth such as short stature and low body weight, full body hair loss, and facial features that resemble an aged person. This genetic disorder can lead to other health complications such as degeneration of bone mass and tissue, scleroderma, kidney failure, loss of eye sight, atherosclerosis, and severe cardiovascular problems. There is a genetic test to diagnosis the disorder at a younger age called HGPS. Currently, there is no cure or treatment for the disease. However, patients can undergo certain surgeries such as
The purpose of this article is to inform people on the characteristics of eating disorders associated with PWS and possible treatments.
In our Western society, we have several different types of eating dysfunction, all of which are unique and tragic in their own right. Despite their individuality, however, they all have several overlapping symptoms that are key to their classification and severity. For Bulimia Nervosa (BN) and Binge Eating Disorder (BED), one of the core features is binge eating, which can be defined objectively by number of calories eaten in a given time or subjectively by the feelings of the binger. Binge eating has many different aspects that are of interest to scientists and clinicians alike. One of those interests has to do with the reduction of this symptom among populations being treated for their respective disorder. Because both
Prader-Willi syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the deletion of part of chromosome 15. This genetic abnormality affects the hypothalamus which influences growth hormones, sex, thirst, and hunger and is contributed to developmental delay. Children with Prader-Willi syndrome will develop hyperphagia. Hyperphagia is a serious eating disorder, and is characterized by extreme overeating to the point where it becomes life-threatening. Hyperphagia is hard to treat and is the main trait of Prader-Willi syndrome. It is not clear what causes the onset of hyperphagia as it can develop at different ages. The study looks at whether the young children’s unusual eating habits are explained by changes in appetite hormones. They found that PWS has three
These people did not ask for the condition but they have the painful symptoms, I could have avoided it. The fact that it can be avoided makes it even worse when you do create this problem for yourself. If you more important to pay attention to ourselves before any problem occurs then you will never have the feeling of disappointment in yourself that I have felt for letting myself get to the point of not being able to have an apple because the acidity is too strong. It is not hard to pack a lunch five days a week. Packing a lunch and drink water instead of energy drinks prevents gerd but it also prevents obesity. 68.8 percent of adults in the United States are considered obese and that percentage is simply too high. ( Overweight and Obesity Statistics) Becoming obese takes a long time and many bad decisions regarding one's health. Starting at a young age education should be focused on people understanding the way our bodies digest food and what harmful food really do to the body. If children become educated than they are more likely to grow up and make health conscious decisions more often letting that rate lower.
Most people with WS are happy as they are outgoing and extremely social. People with WS need to be closely monitored for their heart, because heart problems are quite common in this syndrome. SVAS or supravalvular aortic stenosis, is the narrowing of blood vessels and the Aorta. This may cause heart failure, breathing problems, and chest pain. And surprisingly, only 1 in 10,000 people get this syndrome. But with all the upsides and helpable things, this disorder is negative as it could kill if not treated. Many symptoms if not treated can be fatal. Symptoms include Scoliosis (a curved spine), abnormally small head, ADD (Attention Deficit Disorder), farsightedness, sunken chest, development delays, and trouble gaining weight as a baby.
People can form sentences that are grammatically correct but have anomalous meaning, which argues that language and cognition are interdependent of each other. Grammar operates independently of intelligence and cognition, which contradicts previous beliefs about the interplay of both cognition and language. Cognition is an umbrella term used to describe mental faculties such as problem solving, visuo-spatial skills, perception, understanding thought, and working memory (cite me). People with William’s Syndrome, a genetic disorder, are considered to be the paradigm case for “the independence of language and cognition” (CITE ME). This is because their grammar and language skills appear more developed compared to their chronological age group yet they suffer from underdeveloped intelligence/cognitive functions compared to their mental age group.
Eating disorders such as Bulimia, Binge Eating, and Anorexia are common diagnosis when the subject of eating disorders is discussed. In fact, we hear about these in textbooks, movies, commercials and specific websites when we search for information. There are additional diagnosis which fall into a more selective form of disorders. Diabulimia is an eating disorder selective to insulin dependent individuals diagnosed with Diabetes. Health issues arise that can be very harmful not only due to lack of nutrition but to long term complications from the extended out of range blood glucose levels. As with the more common forms of eating disorders the physiological issues must be addressed in addition to dealing with both short and long term consequences from depriving the body of insulin, which can be life threatening.
OHS patients require the proper diet and nutritional backup to do the smooth body resetting. The symptoms of obesity hypo-ventilation syndrome or OHS can be reduced or checked by choosing the best obesity inhibition diet. Besides, patients must not be alcoholic with addiction to the powerful marijuana or narcotic component, if he has the problem of long lasting
This monster that will not be silent is none other than obesity, and it is on the rise. At present, nearly 78 million adults and 13 million children in the United States alone are impacted by the devastating effects of obesity ("American Heart Association," 14 March 2014). Obesity rates appear to be on the rise as well, with increasing numbers of youth being affected. A National Institutes of Health report showed that from 1962 until 2006, obesity in adults more than doubled, increasing from 13.4 percent to 35.1 percent. The average adult weighs more than 26 pounds more than they did in the 1950’s, according to the CDC ("American Heart Association," 14 March 2014, p. 2). The American Hearth Association also concludes that obesity is costing the medical system approximately $190 billion yearly in weight-related medical bills. Of special interest is the impact of these obese patients, obviously a large portion of our patient population, with regards to anesthetic care. Many changes, precautions and differences take place when providing anesthesia for the obese patient. Health promotion is one answer for this epidemic. Pender’s Health Promotion Model may play a large role in changing the obesity
In recent years, the number of people that diagnosed with clinical obesity has dramatically increased. Although, what are the factors that can influence a person to become obese? Hyperphagia is related to obesity? Those are some crucial questions that this paper will try to answer. “Obesity is a medical and psychological condition characterized by an excessive accumulation of body fat to the extent that it may have a negative effect on health’’ (World Health Organization,2017). One widely used measure of obesity is body mass index (BMI), correlates in direct measures to body fat and height (Gazzaniga,2015). Recent evidence suggests that people with BMIs over 35-45 were most likely to die (Flegal, Kit, Orpana, & Graubard,2013).