Population and growth is a massive issue in the world today. It has held geographers’ interest for several years. There has been discussion and debate over the max amount of people that the world can sustain. Some geographers believe that the world is already overpopulated, while others believe that we are working toward a serious overpopulation problem in the future. One thing that everyone can agree on is some countries and regions, such as China, are vastly over populated, and other countries and regions, such as Europe and Japan, are experiences issues with population decline. In all three cases there are external and internal contributors. These places are attempting to deal with their population crisis in different ways, such as child incentive policies, population control policies, and even immigration policies.
Demographic transition is defined as a model that describes the stages of population change within a country. The country will start out having a high birth rate, high death rate, and low rate of natural increase; then moves through a middle stage of high birth rate, low death rate, and high rate of natural increase. Finally, the country will reach the third and final stage of a low birth rate, low or medium death rate, and low or negative rate of population increase (Hobbs G-5). Europe is considered the real life example of demographic transition. In the third stage of the demographic transition, they are currently experiencing what is commonly acknowledged
Population Growth is an issue that exists in today’s world that needs to be confronted before it becomes out of hand. The population itself has reached overwhelming numbers making it a problem that could turn to be dangerous. The amount of humans that the earth can support or the carrying capacity is slowly rising but at a much slower rate than the population growth rate. The increasing growth rate has its negative effects environmentally, agriculturally, socially, and economically and also has its positive effects nationally, and economically. The government is brainstorming and trying to come up with ways to decrease
1a. China and Japan are both industrialized countries where population is decreasing; however, they are both decreasing due to different social, economic, or political factors. With 1.33 billion people, China has been one of the world’s most populous countries, however due to the overpopulation crisis; it caused implications and strain upon the country’s energy and resources. This called for the government attention to fix the issue of overpopulation by developing the “one-child policy” which limits couples to having only one child each. The overall outcome of the policy was to reduce population growth, increase economic growth, limit poverty, and to create better health for the citizens of China. Governments
Demographic transition is the process by which a nation/country moves from high birth rate and high death rates to low birth and low death rates as the growth population in the interim (Weeks, 2005). Some of the nations that have gone through this transitions are; Canada, Germany, United States and England. The demographic transition to an industrialized society is harmful to the environment. Industrialized countries also have the largest ecological and carbon footprint comparative to developing/non-industrialized nations. Nevertheless, demographic transitions have some notable advantages. Countries that have gone through demographic transitions have low birth and death rates. Citizens in
The demographic transition theory is a widespread explanation of the changing mold of humanity, fertility and increase rates as civilizations move from one demographic system to another. “The term was first coined by the American demographer Frank W. Notestein in the mid-twentieth century, but it has since been elaborated and expanded upon by many others” (The Demographic Transition, 2012). There are four stages of demographic transition.
The demographic transition model describes how the population of a country changes over time. It gives changes in birth rates and death rates, and shows that countries pass through five different stages of population change (Stage one – High fluctuation, Stage two – Early expanding, Stage three – Late expanding, Stage four – Low fluctuating and Stage five – Decline)
The demographic transition is a three-stage model of population growth in Europe. In the first stage there is a stable population because birth and death rates are both high. The second stage happens as mortality rates begin to slowly decline, but birth rates stay high. When this stage happens, there is fast population growth. During the third stage, the population is more stable as both birth and death rates are low and are more or less balanced. In more recent years, a fourth stage as been brought on by Anti-Malthusians. During this stage, population shrinkage occurs because the deaths begin to outnumber the births. Europe provides a great example to the theory of demographic transition. After speedy population growth of stage two, Europe settled at stage three with a stable population. It is currently in stage four with a shrinking population. In most European nations there are lesser births than deaths which could ultimately create other social problems.
When the early humans left Africa, there was only 5,000 people. Now, the planet is overpopulated, over 7 billion and counting. Nations all over the world to use too much of their finite resources and spend too much money to maintain the life of their population. Other issues intensify with the addition of more people, such as poverty, starvation, and climate change. This is a problem even developed countries face, like Japan for instance. However, Japan has been successful in combating the problems that arrive with overpopulation in several ways. In order for the world as a whole to overcome overpopulation, nations must look to Japan as an example.
According to Kunkel in “Global Aging: Comparative Perspectives on Aging and the Life Course”, the Demographic Transition Theory is a “... set of interrelated social and demographic changes that result in both rapid growth and aging of a population” (Kunkel 77). This theory essentially consists of stages that explain how most, but not all, countries undergo a stage of rapid fertility and death then see a decline in births, thus leading to a growth in the aging population.
Demographic transition involves the changes a less industrialized country undergoes regarding birth rates and death rates from being an industrialized country. The change implies the reduction of birth and mortality rates from a less industrialized country into an industrialized country with reduced birth and death rates. Several countries, especially the European countries, exemplify this mode of transition in their historical information. Besides, the changes involved in demographic transition filters down to the environment in the long-run. The surrounding environment suffers from the expanded industrialization and due to the demographic transition (Smout, 2009).
With a growing population in every country comes with challenges and dilemmas. 7.4 billion humans are living on earth today and it is projected to be around 9 billion by the year 2040. Important aspects partake into population growth such as fertility, migration, and mortality. Other aspects greatly effect population growth, however; each country has their own rate of growth. In 20-30 years the world population will grow yet, at grow at a decreasing rate which still raises challenges for the over populated countries. I have great interest in China; I will be explaining and giving an outline on the possible problems that China is currently facing, future dilemmas and advice to advise China with solutions with the it’s challenges.
Demography is the study of the components of population variation and change. Death rate and birth rate are two determinants of population change. Theory of Demographic Transition is comparatively recent theory that has been accepted by several scholars throughout the world. This theory embraces the observation that all countries in the world go through different stages in the growth of population. A nation's economy and level of development is directly related to that nation's birth and death rates. Population history can be divided into different stages. Some of the scholars have divided it into three and some scholars have divided it into five stages. These stages or classifications demonstrate a
Human population is an ever changing measure. As time goes on, the human population underwent a continuous makeover. Population changes due to many natural processes: migration, death, and birth. However, populations amongst different areas (continents, countries, cities, etc) are different from each other. They are, in a way, related to each other; population change in one area may affect population of another. Not only that, the speed at which a population changes also varies. Because of all of the reasons stated above, it is a very crucial study that can reveal much of the needed reference to many decision making questions national leaders
Manuscript received March 7, 2013; revised August 28, 2013. NICTA is funded by the Australian Government as represented by the Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy and the Australian Research Council through the ICT Centre of Excellence program.
“Population Growth” is defined as the evolution in the figure of individuals residing within a state, and can be classified into either positive or negative rate, which can be expressed as a percentage of population at the start of that period. It reflects the number of births and death and the number of people migrating to and from a country during a particular period and these quantities vary periodically. Nevertheless, the differences can be distinguish, positive population growth rate can be attained only when there are more conceived birth rates than death rates in a given time period normally annually and vice versa for negative growth rate. (GEE, ELLEN M, 2002)
With the world running out of resources and struggling to sustain the recent boom in world population, governments around the world have been responding by trying to curb population growth with population programmes. Fertility Transition is a process whereby a country changes from a high birth rate to lower birth rate and is measured in terms of number of live births per 1000 women. This process usually occurs when a country is developing. Countries which are undergoing fertility transition in recent years have undergone a much more rapid transformation than when the present day developed economies underwent transition a couple hundred years ago. High fertility is often associated with poverty as there is a lack of education, healthcare and lack of sustainability within a country. The reasons which cause a country to experience fertility transition include; the changing of economy structure or economic growth, investment in education and the provision/subsidisation of contraception.