HDB, the public housing authority of Singapore, was established in 1960. The authority had grown rapidly in size and responsibilities-from initially meeting the basic shelter needs of 6% of the population to, in 2007, providing quality homes for 81% of a 3.7 million population. Due to land scarcity, its high-rise, high density living provided an effective solution to meeting housing needs for Singapore. HDB had a comprehensive building program, under which 984,000 apartments had been completed as of March 2007. In addition to building new apartments, HDB was also involved in the marketing, sales, pricing, after-sale service and lease administration of its apartments (Jick & Peiperl, 2011, p. 430). The Estate Administration and Property Department(EAPD) was one of the core departments in HDB, responsible for the building program, housing policies, the redevelopment program, sales, pricing, marketing, and mortgage financing for apartment purchases. Its 700-member staff was divided into six sections, each tasked with backroom and frontline work or both (Jick & Peiperl, p. 432). Many change issues confronted HDB. Externally, the society had become more open and diverse. The profile of customers served was more vocal and prosperous, necessitating the agency to engage its customers more often in its various programs and policies. Customers also expected to pay less and get more. This was a challenge to HDB in the wake of rising construction costs caused by building material
If you are looking to buy a private property or HDB flat in Singapore, make sure that you know all the pitfalls before you sign on the dotted line. Here are some of the major things you should look out for to avoid getting into a legal or financial tangle during the transaction.
From the above example it is clear that Brook controlled DHB solely and without any interference from any one. He had few of the employees as his allies in the wrongdoings. If anyone tried to interfere then they were threatened or were thrown out of the organisation.
Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau (Census) have collaborated to create the American Housing Survey (AHS), the most comprehensive national housing survey in the United States, providing data used to monitor and assess housing supply and demand.
To judge the success or failure of Blumberg Apartments, we must first analyze the project as it works to provide good housing. Good housing should not just be regarded as a noun, it should also encompass housing as a verb. The commodity of the house as a shelter is the noun. This commodity should provide a place for redressing. It should hold the essential necessities that make for a comfortable and complete home. A place that balances privacy and social interactions. As a verb, good housing should be a utility that works to enhance one’s life (Turner, 1972). It should be a stepping stone towards opportunity. For Blumberg Apartments in the grand scheme, both of these facets can be regarded as failures. As the housing projects suffered through massive deterioration, it failed as a commodity. Residents described how their housing had “stairwells that reeked of urine and dirty diapers, constantly breaking appliances and elevators, and the frequent sounds of gunshots” (Colaneri, 2016). Furthermore, units were found to not meet minimum size standards and
Housing programs and redevelopment continued to expand and finally the United States passed the Department of Housing and Urban Development, or HUD for short, in 1965. The establishment of the eleventh Cabinet-level agency sparked controversy between Democrats and Republicans in the House and Senate. The arguments “were based on the need for managerial improvement and greater efficiency and coordination of programs, but there was, also, general recognition that the prestige of Cabinet status would benefit housing and urban programs both in Congress and outside government” (Willmann 22).
1. Since its customers were seeking to fulfil an essential housing need, its customers were less affected by changes in general economic conditions.
The Columbia Housing Authority (CHA), established in 1934, is the third oldest housing authorities in the United States and the largest housing authority in the state of South Carolina. The organization assists thousands of low-income families and individuals in the Richland and some parts of Lexington County.
An extensive description of these programs includes HUD that deals with the development of affordable housing in urban area for low-income individuals. Lack of housing options have driven fissure in education, health and economic opportunities, in fact, the Mississippi Delta has the state’s average home value standing at 50 percent lower than the national average, making the state the second lowest in the country. The goal of the Department of Housing and Urban Development was to focus on insuring mortgages for single-family and multifamily dwellings and extending loans for home improvements and for the purchase of mobile homes; channeling funds from investors into the mortgage industry through the Government National Mortgage Association; and making loans for the construction or rehabilitation of housing projects for older and handicapped persons.
Although the Singapore Housing Development Board (HDB) is a strong and vast organization within a long-standing history of public service, an examination of the HDB reveals three key elements or challenges of the current situation, which without alteration - will hinder or prevent the change and growth of HDB (Jick, & Peiperl, 2011). The first challenge to change is the balancing of heavy workloads of employees with change. This issue of ‘balancing’ must be addressed, since forcing employees balance the strain of large workloads and change strategies can result in the stretching of resources and the destruction of employees from both their routine work and the change agent’s goals (2011). Second, the full integration of a new and improved customer service mindset is not fully completed and harmonized into the organization’s culture (2011). Change within this area is necessary since the lack of customer service integration and support for the new mindset - by managers - has caused an attitude of blaming amongst management and employees, and increased inter-department tensions. Finally, passive and mechanistic response of the staff must be addressed (2011). The passive response of staff must be addressed as these characteristics can delay or holt the growth and development of the change process (Bell, & Barkhuizen, 2011).
How did the competitive environment change for the John Deere Component Works between the 1970's and the 1980's? What information must management accounting systems provide to support effective decision-making in these different environments?
My research will be based on Political, Economic, and Social Organization of Singapore—an industrialist city-state. Even though Singapore 's history dates from the 11th century, the island was little known to the West until the 19th century. Singapore is one of the World 's largest ports, because the city of Singapore has become a major port, with trade exceeding that of Malaya 's, Malacca and Penang combined. The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 and the advent of steamships launched an era of prosperity for Singapore as transit trade expanded throughout Southeast Asia (Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs, 2010). Singapore is a very
“The best that can be said of the conception is that it did afford a chance to experiment with some physical and social planning theories which did not pan out. “ This quote reflects Jane Jacob’s philosophical ideas in an attempt to criticize the social housing’s design approach and its associated urban planning in modern era. “The physical and social theories” outlines the urban planning idea of social housing (Utopian idea) and according to Jane’s statement, such experiment of these theories were deem to be unsuccessful. It is inevitably certain to some extent that a provocative statement towards modern era social housing approaches would hold true due to the minimal success the plans brought to the city, such as solving the working class commendations temporarily. Nevertheless, it is a failure to deliver long-standing social improvements corresponded with the increasing suspicion of modernism, one cannot simply attribute ill fate to its “innovative physical features” (As Jane said, the Utopian and Utopia), but should rather considered a range of other elements in the larger aspect of society: factors such as difficulty of racial integration, problems of financing and management, lack of bridging between architecture and planning, as well as the increasing preference of suburban lifestyle from the rising mid class. These problems reflected evidently in some stereotypes of social housing communities built in the modern era such as Pruitt-Igoe, sunny side Gardens, Paul
An analysis of the gradual growth and expansion obstacles of Fluss Washer and Dryer, after Fluss AG (Swiss parent company) earned profits of $15 billion in the fiscal year 2010.
BACS anticipates that a majority of our clients will be building owners and property management firms contracting on behalf of building owners. BACS expects that the business’ client base will consist of commercial, industrial, and residential clientele. However, we anticipate that its secondary client base will come from the residential arena (homeowners). As time progresses, BACS may engage more complicated industrial and high-end commercial and industrial installations. The first group to be targeted is the owners of homes that are 12-15 years old and the second group is those that frequent the home improvement and construction supply stores.
The Urban Redevelopment Authority, also known as URA in short, is an independent statutory board under the Ministry of National Development which took on roles in the planning of the land use of Singapore, as well as being the conversation authority. Their mission is “to make Singapore a great city to live, work and play in” which means that the objectives of URA are channelled into attaining the broad vision of turning Singapore into a unique destination for tourist, while a liveable city for its citizen. These objectives include the conservation of heritage buildings, ensuring sustainability with the limited amount of resources Singapore have, the further development of new and iconic