Pavin Kaler
211347747
April 16th, 2015 Professor Joe Kispal-Kovacs
Transportations in Political Structures in China and Japan during the Modern Era Comparative Essay
1 While Japan and China both had to go through transformations in political
structures in order for them to experience revolutions as a reaction to colonization
attempts during the Modern Era, both nations also had different outcomes due to
revolution. Colonization occurs when there is migration of any one or more groups of
individuals towards a colonial area. Migration is the movement of peoples from one
place to another. These types of movements helped create a revolution. In this paper, I
will be comparing transformations in political structures in Japan in the Meiji Period
(1868-1912) 19th century to China in the Qing Dynasty (1700’s) 18th century. I will be
taking a look at how both Japan and China went through revolutions as a reaction to
colonization attempts, yet both nations had different outcomes due to colonization. There
are also a few other wars I will be discussing in this paper that impacted Japan and China
in those specific eras as well. What were the similarities and differences in Japan during
the 19th- early 20th century and China during the 18th century when they went through
transformations in political structures? To begin, we can first
A revolution, by definition, is the overthrow of one government followed by replacement with another. The American Revolution against the British during 1775 to 1783 and the French Revolution pitting the French people against their own government during 1789 to 1799 were both very important political and social turnovers. This movement towards the establishment of a constitutional government influenced political thought throughout the world. By closely examining three of the main causes of these revolutions, it is clear that although the two revolutions have their differences, the basis of cause for the revolutions have, overall, much stronger similarities.
China has 5000 years of history which experienced wars, collapses, failures and successes. The Opium War in the year 1839 and 1856 marked the changing point of China’s trade policy with foreigners, especially with British in opium and tea. China changed from getting tributes to being forced to sign the Nanjing Treaty and Tianjing Treaty with British and French. Due to China’s over confidence and unwelcome attitude toward foreigners and opium, it caused the British to declare the Opium War to China which made Chinese suffer for many years, but at the same time it also forced China to open its doors to the foreigners.
China was the most powerful maritime force for almost three decades during the 14th century. The world recognized the Chinese for their fine artisan skills, which included creating stunning porcelains and silks. They also had great marine navigation skills, vast knowledge in astronomy and advanced firepower technology. Before the Ming Dynasty, the Yi citizens of China involuntarily stopped working on the land, hence had to seek for alternatives in the sea for survival. A century before Columbus plus his allied Europeans started their entry into the Modern World, seven voyages of massive castoffs commanded by the eunuch Zheng He ventured through the China Seas to East Africa, throughout Korea and Japan. This occurred between 1405 and 1433, during the reign of Zhu Di. Using their skills, they conquered the forces around the Indian Ocean, making China the naval ruler. In the book When China Ruled the Seas, Louise Levathes explores the historic timeline of China’s dynamic transformation until her rise and dominance as a marine power. Discussed below is China’s overall
The Meiji Restoration of Japan led by Emperor Meiji caused rapid industrialization of Japan, the growth of Japan’s military, and the “Westernization” of a seemingly backward nation. Many countries, such as Britain and Russia, had experienced Industrial Revolutions. The revolution in Russia was forced by the state and created another revolution entirely henceforth- a Communist movement. Great Britain,
Japan is a small island nation off the coast of Eastern Asia. Despite its size, Japan has proved to be formidable both economically and militarily. Since the expedition of Commodore Matthew Perry in 1853 opened up the past feudalistic and reclusive Japan, this nation has expanded and adopted many imperialistic policies as well as taken a more aggressive military stance. Japan has changed in many ways, but has also continued upholding traditional practices throughout 1853 and 1941.
Russia and Japan were both dominated by Western domination during the 19th century, however they both reacted different and similarity to industrialization in 1750-1900. A rising tide of unrest accompanied Russia’s period of transformation by the 1880s, from nationalist agitation to outright revolution. Russia had become a profoundly unstable society. However, Japan was better at adapting to the challenge of industrial change. For example, marker forms were more extensive, reaching into peasant agriculture, and literary levels were high.
China urged for centralization esp. in politics. while India & Medit. used the diversity of local rule.
These three eras of revolution showcase various changes and continuities. The three-hundred year span features revolutions that started because of an assortment of different reasons, while many of them are practically duplicates in their results of the conflict, such as a government being abolished. Although these revolutions present diverse changes over time, the essence of almost every revolution in all three time periods reveals significant continuities between them.
In the historical reading When America First Met China by Eric Jay Dolin, one could say that the context of this historical reading goes into great depth when explaining the trade networks between China and the rest of the continent, particularly in the Americas right after the American Revolution ended in 1783, in comparison to many other sources that did not go into great depth.
In the early eighteen hundreds, Britain and other European countries demanded more and more Chinese commodities, especially tea and silk. However, only the port in Canton was opened to foreign countries, and Chinese would not take any other form of payments besides silver. The desire to make China into a free market that foreigners have more access to and the increasing, though illegal, European opium import to China eventually created tension between the European countries, especially Britain, and the Chinese government (Allingham Par. 1-2). The two battles fought and won by European powers were known as the Opium Wars. China’s politics, economy, and intellects were both positively and negatively
Both Japan and China lie in the East of Asia. To a certain extent,Japan and China own similar culture background, in the Confucian Cultural Circle. But when we look back into the modern history development, Japan and China made quite different decisions when facing the western countries’ aggression. China suffered the invasion in 1840 after the first Sino-British War. Japan was in a similar situation in the black boat incident in 1853, the Opium War made the West began to pay attention to East Asia. From then on, Japan began to face the western culture. The reactions, as well as the result of Japan and China were quite disparate. This article wants to discuss what lead to the difference.
Revolutions have occurred throughout history and continue to arise even in the present day. Many revolution happens because of the miscommunication between the government and its citizens. In the end, the outcome of revolutions are usually good but, sometimes it might not be what people want. In the following paragraphs, examples of the general causes and effects that creates a revolution will be discussed in order to illustrate how revolutions are mainly caused by the dispute between the regime and its citizen.
Do you see any parallels between today’s Modern China and post-World War 2 Japan? What differences are evident?
The culture of a place is an integral part of its society whether that place is a remote Indian village in Brazil or a highly industrialized city in Western Europe. The culture of Japan fascinates people in the United States because, at first glance, it seems so different. Everything that characterizes the United States--newness, racial heterogeneity, vast territory, informality, and an ethic of individualism-- is absent in Japan. There, one finds an ancient and homogeneous society, an ethic that emphasizes the importance of groups, and a tradition of formal behavior governing every aspect of daily living, from drinking tea to saying hello. On the surface at least, U.S. and Japanese