The Relationship between Delinquency and Drug Use

Criminological and Gang MembershipApril SmolkowiczGeorgia Gwinnett CollegeCriminological and Gang MembershipSocial scientists have researched and documented empirical findings of the many one-of-a-kind influential factors of formative years gang and non-gang involvement across the United States. While it is now not feasible to predict whether or not a younger man or woman will be a section of a gang, possession of certain danger elements can extend the probability.Social Leaning Theory Article One The motive of this paper is to analyze adolescence gang and non-gang attitudes and behaviors with the social learning idea factors and its possibility of predicting youths self-reporting of gang membership, explicitly with the ethnicity of “Hispanics’ and Anglos, of eight-grade college students in two southwestern cities”. The lookup article is empirical that meets the requirements of the capstone mission with the gaining of understanding on the difficulty of adolescence gang and non-gang membership attitudes and behaviors. The hypothetical context is primarily based absolutely on comparing key variables of the social learning theory, advantageous reinforcers, terrible punishers, and indications of differential definitions.The lookup method of cross-sectional quantitative records is used, that is then recoded systematically and equipped to be entered into a pc database. This evaluation will serve as an additional evaluation with the previous longitudinal information that is used

A study done in 1996 on prisoners of the Arizona Department of Corrections, followed inmates for the first 3 years of their incarceration. This study found that “inmates with no gang affiliation were significantly less likely that those wit either street gang affiliation or prison gang affiliation to have been guilty of a violent misconduct” (Griffin, 2006). Also noted in the Griffon study, inmates who have a gang affiliation are less likely to participate in needed rehab and vocational programs that may help them upon release. A big problem with prison gangs is that very little is known about them, this is because they are very secretive, unlike their counterparts on the streets (Fong, 1991). The reason for this secrecy is so gang members can avoid being persecuted by the prison administration.

One of the most common beliefs today is that the drug-crime link is viewed as causal. More notably, it is presumed that drug use is one of the key motives of crime. However, criminological proof to support this belief is not as resilient as many have might imagined. Rather, the best obtainable investigation has commonly decided that the relationship is exceedingly complex and challenges attempts to sort out directionality.

In her article “The Drugs Relationship: Exploring Dynamic and Static Models,” Lesley Williams Reid examines the relationship between drugs and crime by looking at offenders’ environment. For example she surveyed 835 men in four different cities, which lead her to make her own theories which was that criminals had committed their first crime at an early age and drug users also started at an early age (Reid, 2001). The weakness in Reid article is that she based her research on male inmates in maximum security. This is a weakness because she is only focusing on one gender and one small population.

Youth can be drawn to gang membership when they feel the community is no longer safe through primary deviance which most people take part in and do not get caught (Super 2017) However, labelling theory ineffectively explains the differences in crime rates amongst neighbourhoods with a high gang presence and those without (Tutorial 2017). Thus, labelling theory is ineffective in attempting to explain how youth in neighbourhoods with a high gang presence is an influence for youth to join gangs (Super 2017; Tutorial 2017). Furthermore, it is unable to provide a bigger macro-level reasoning as to why youth in neighbourhoods with a high gang presence might influence youth to join gangs and participate in criminal behaviour (Tutorial 2017).

Criminal gangs are there to rule, they have been there in every community for a long time. Gang's intentions are to commit crimes. Gang leaders oversee extortion, order killings or smuggle drugs. This paper studies gang formation, why individuals join gangs and the negative influence gangs have to the society and the economy. The study focuses on some of the prominent gangs in the world today; it explains the activities of the Russian mafia and other gangs. This paper explains power struggles within gangs and gives out recommendations to solve problems associated with gang operations. This paper puts into perspective a study on factors influencing gang membership; the study employs personal interviews as a method, causal research design and ordinal scale of measurement. Prisoners in California state prison are the sample population. Structured proxy question are used, and observation to study an individual's race. The study focuses male prison gang members. Findings from the study indicate that the less educated an individual is the likely for one join a gang, from the study it is evident that gang members feel disregarded when formulating policies, it is clear that race is not a factor to gang membership and that most of the gang members come from dysfunctional families.

Another major subset in the overall prison population in the U.S. is the growing rise in incarceration rates of drug offenders. Professor Blumstein notes that when considering the growth of incarceration rates by specific type of crime, such as murder, robbery, assault, burglary, drugs, and sex offenses during the two decades from 1980 to 2001, the single most important result was that the prison rate for drug offenders increased by a factor of 10; moreover, these drug offenders currently account for the largest percentage of both state and federal prison populations (Blumstein, 2011).

the statement that delinquents can be a complex book filled with various challenges that arise within it is a well stated statement. However while looking at the development of these delinquent use is hard to say that regardless on how complex their behaviors may be it is easy to find out how said behaviors were created in the first place by finding the societal pressures and institutions that they have developed these behaviors in our their home and school situation give or take if they stay in both the situations you can add community as the other institutions that develop these behaviors. Now with the social bond theory you can develop an understanding of how the society itself develops these complex delinquent use society creates delinquents

From the above definition, differential association theory can be concluded as criminal behavior that is learned in interaction with others (Bartol & Bartol, 2005). In fact, it is one of the oldest and best known social learning theories of juvenile delinquency because of how impressionable juveniles are. This theory applies to detaining juveniles and the detention center environment. Detention centers take youth away from their community and "comfort zone peers" and place them in an environment with other youth who partake in deviant behavior. (Parritz & Troy, 2013). In fact, juvenile detained in these facilities may actually increase their likelihood of re-offending because it is an environment in which juveniles can pick up criminal lifestyles,

Although non-gang members may also participate in risky activities like binge drinking, marijuana use, and drug selling, gang affiliation greatly increases exposure and likelihood to partake in these activities. Studies show that “early alcohol use and early marijuana use are both identified risk factors for joining a gang among adolescents” (Swahn et. al 354). Youth gang members are also exposed to hard drugs because of gang involvement in the illegal drug market. Many youth gang members in these

The data included the inmates personal information (address, birthplace, nicknames, ect,), and criminal records. The data was also limited to inmates who were incarcerated in May 2004 and May 2006, serving three conservative years in a traditional facility, and who were not sentenced to life without the possibility of parole or sentenced to death (Worrall & Morris. 2012). There results shown that gang membership is an important

In addressing the problem proposed, “Does drug use encourage criminal behavior?” The observation date used to collect data to address this question is a questionnaire and self-report measure. However, for these measures to be scientifically valid they should process both reliability and validity. The reliability of the question presented, “is does it measure what it supposed to measure.” Reliability is the extents to which when measuring these procedures will they yield the same result on a repeated trial. For example, the question asked, “Have you used drugs, and the answer is “yes” then each time the question is asked your answer should be “yes.” If it were unreliable, the answer to the question

A lot of people link drug abuse with crime, at times even with violent crime. This association comes from psychopharmacological association that imply that people may engage in criminal acts after taking some kind of substance known to undermine their judgment as well as self-control result in paranoid thoughts and distortion of inhibitions (Sewell, Poling and Sofuoglu, 189). Though all substances that affect the central nervous system might result in this kind of relationships, scientific information indicates that some type of drugs have a more strong effect than others. Such drugs are alcohol, cocaine, phencyclidine and amphetamines (McCauley, Ruggiero, Resnick and Kilpatrick, 136). Inversely, cannabis and heroin are less associated with desire to commit

In a study that was done back in 1970 by Sutherland and Cressey, they pointed out that in the U.S. alone, “felons are overrepresented in the addict population, [and] crime rates are increased considerably by drug addiction” (1970, p. 164). Despite having proposed several hypotheses attempting to explain the correlation between drug abuse and crime, they could not reach a conclusion. A decade later, the knowledge about the drug/crime relationship had steadily increased due to numerous studies of the incarcerated or addicted population. However, the information didn’t reveal any viewpoints that made sense aside from heroin. This view was

According to the authors of this article, it is said that substance use and crime are connected. Substance use and crime may affect each other together by continuing on or by getting worse over time. There are shortcomings to these studies that may affect the conclusion and implications of these studies. The objective of this study, which the authors addressed the methodological problems resulting from the way that these reciprocal processes are typically modeled. They addressed the influence of context on the association between substance use and crime. Despite the well-recognized connection between social risk, such as deviant peer affiliation, with delinquency, crime and substance use (Fergusson et al, 2002; Van Rydin and Dishion, 2014), these social contexts have been largely absent from the