According to Sprenkle, Davis, & Lebow (2009), what are the six possible points of intervention in an interactional cycle? (P. 111)
Within an interactional cycle or pattern, there is a spot for each partner to interpret their partner’s behaviors, for them to behave, and for them to experience emotions (Sprenkle, Davis, & Lebow, 2009). At each of these points, intervention is possible and can consist of either changing behaviors, reframing the emotions a person is feeling, or altering cognitions (Sprenkle et al., 2009).
2. What are the common goals of models that focus on a) changing people's perceptions (i.e., cognitions), b) behaviors, and c) emotions (hint: see pp. 118-121)?
A few common goals various models discussed in the text include alterations to behavior, cognitions, and emotions. For example, a shared goal in many therapies involved encouraging clients to think about and discuss different, healthier behaviors than the ones they are currently using (Sprenkle et al., 2009). Other shared goals involve altering perceptions and thought processes about themselves and about others, which will also eventually lead to changes in behaviors and how they experience interactions (Sprenkle et al., 2009). Basically, most therapeutic models are invested in somehow changing interaction cycles. Some of them attempt to do that by changing cognitions, behaviors, or experienced emotions, but for a lot of them this is a case of equifinality: altering any one of these things will change
The relationship between therapist and client is collaborative and caring. Goals are set by the client with the help of the therapist. The therapy is very goal-orientated and specific. They then work together to assess and then change faulty beliefs that interfere with accomplishing these set goals. The basic goal is to remove biases or distortions that hinder the client from functioning effectively. Changing cognitive schemas can be done in three different ways; reinterpretation, modification, and restructuring.
Gurman, A. S. (2008). Clinical handbook of couple therapy (4th ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Within this model the counselor can employ a wide range of techniques to achieve the behavioural objectives agreed, these include - challenging irrational beliefs, rehearsing different self statements, experimentation of self statements in real situations and systematic desensitization (Mcleod 2008). Behavioural therapist work on changing behaviour and it’s assumed that changes in feeling and thinking will follow.
During treatment Cognitive-Behavioral Couple Therapy (CBCT) and Integrative Behavioral Couple Therapy (IBCT) will use feedback sessions to help assess how the couple is doing in a positive way (Gurman, 2008). Both CBCT and IBCT both use conflict and emotional expressions as avenues for couples to express their affection and understanding for one another (Gurman, 2008). Both CBCT and IBCT also have the same value system of creating a general closeness and intimacy between partners (Gurman, 2008). Regardless of the differences, the two therapies have the general
This paper focuses on the Response to Intervention. As educators we are hearing RTI more frequently in the school districts than ever before. Many educators and state officials agree that all teachers should know and get to know the benefits and importance of RTI. The most crucial aspect to know is the RTI takes place into the regular childhood classroom; this is not something that just special education teachers need to know. This paper explains the purpose and a brief history of RTI. The paper offers ways that it is beneficial for school districts to implement this research based program. However, as in many systems there are always challenges, the paper briefly discusses some of the challenges that educators
Due to our behavioral aspect these new situations may be hard for us to handle. One person might be set in their ways and have a hard time coping with change. This leads to moments of stress, possible anger, as well as other emotions of the body. These negative experiences can lead to a change in genetics in the body. In order to help the relationship stay strong and survive these changes both partners must examine themselves and understand what forces of nature are in their control and how they can effectively combat the situation. When these problems arise it is the responsibility of the unaffected partner to be there with kindness, love, and support for the other person. When these positive reinforces are present the environment around them changes and can lead to a more interactive and happy partner. Although important to a relationship I believe that the biological perspective is one of the lesser forces that impact the relationship.
A therapist assist each client to set individualized goals, the following goals appertain to all clients. Clients are to live a drug-free lifestyle; improve their social skills build up their self-esteem, become motivated and develop personalized prevention plan (New Horizons Community Mental Health Center, 2014).
Additionally, before getting into the depth of the issue both theories discuss client goals and motivation in order to determine if that therapeutic style will align with the clients’ needs.
Upon establishing a therapeutic alliance and building rapport, Adam was insightful in identifying treatment goals for therapy. Stressing the recovery model, Adam and I, were determine to set reachable goals that were attainable during short-term therapy consisting of 12, one hour, weekly sessions.
When conflict occurs within a partnership there is oftentimes a withdrawal from intimacy within the relationship before the conflict is resolved and intimacy can occur again. This is known as the intimacy-conflict cycle. In Little Miss Sunshine the parents, Richard and Sheryl, tend to manage their dissatisfactions with cyclic alternation responses, which are instances when one of the partners voices a complaint that prompts the other’s response in order to resolve their conflict (Galvin, et al., 219). This is seen very
Internal balance is the overall goal of this therapy. Therapists meet with clients and examine the parts that make them. Most people have five to fifteen other “parts” they can clearly identify. There are no bad parts, with the goal being to accept and love all the parts of us, and freeing ourselves of our limited beliefs. Once free, the client is no longer triggered, or can at least identify the triggers before
Emotion-Focused Therapy was developed in the early 1980s by Sue Johnson and Leslie Greenberg to provide a clear framework for working with emotion in couple therapy. (Karris & Caldwell, 2015, p. 346). In working with distressed couples, Greenberg and Johnson noted that those people were overwhelmed by intense emotions that keep them fixed into malicious pattern of interactions (as cited in Karris & Caldwell, 2015, p. 347). The priority of EFT was to identify the negative interactional cycle early in treatment and, then, access “on each partner’s unexpressed underlying emotions” (Johnson and Greenberg, 1988, p. 29) that are hidden from the self and the
The goal for therapy should be to create a second order of change. My therapy goals are heavily rooted in solution-based therapy. In this sense, the goal of therapy is to “unstick people from their current patterns and perceptions and help them discover new, concrete possibilities for their immediate futures” (Bitter, 2009, p. 223) Goal-making in my eyes is a collaborative process between therapist and client. It’s the therapist’s role to engage the client in optimistic conversations about the present and future and guide them toward goal-oriented solutions. This type of approach fits my personality as I am naturally upbeat and look for the positive exceptions in situations. Steve de Shazer believed that effective goals are: “small; meaningful to the client; described concretely; fit the actual lives of the participants; require in them that they are working hard; and start something
There are two main theories applied to relationships, Social Exchange Theory and Equity Theory underpin commonly used behavioural therapies such as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Enhanced Cognitive Behavioural Therapy and Integrative Cognitive Behavioural Therapy. More recent studies in neuroscience and behaviour and the importance of language have led to the development of Relational Frame Theory and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy as an alternative approach. In this essay I will outline the relationship models comparing and contrasting them. I will also introduce and briefly touch on Relational Frame Theory and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy as an additional approach to couples counselling and offer considerations which an
Another similar theory proposed by Patterson in 1982 deals with providing information, regulating interaction, and expressing intimacy. “However, Patterson (1982) also proposed two other functional categories, social control and service-task functions, neither of which is identified in the earlier classification systems” (Edinger and Patterson, 1983, p. 31). The main function, and more readily accepted is social control. Social control, or attempting to change the behavior of another, is unique because it describes a motivational contrast with the function of intimacy (Edinger and Patterson, 1983, p. 31). Intimacy, or the underlying affectionate reaction towards another, also deals with negative and positive reactions. The positive affect could result in concern for, liking, love, or interest in another; however, the negative ends results in dislike or hate (Edinger and Patterson, 1983, p 31). “…The social control function is characterized by independence of affect and nonverbal behavior…in some cases the real affect is opposite to the affect represented behaviorally; for example, when smiling at, gazing at, and standing close to a disliked superior to win favor with that person”(edinger and Patterson, 1983, p. 31). In this case, by standing close, smiling at and gazing at a disliked superior the person is using intimacy to gain