The Soveregin Euro Crisis

It is said that we are living in turbulent times. The Australia’s once-in-a-century commodity boom has reversed, leading many miners to cut back on investments and consolidate; which is expected to generate great social and economic hardship throughout these years. While more hope is casted into the construction sector, a cooling change blows in the housing market. Unemployment is tipped to rise and when it reaches a record high; consumption will continue to grow at a below-average pace, so business sentiment will remain fragile. Rather than fuelling the economy, the fiscal policy keeps straining it whilst the monetary policy will struggle to have an impact – indicating that the Australian economy is slipping downwards.

Some recession is avoidable and, as I have mentioned above, Australia fared extremely well compared to other developed countries. That was the good news. The bad news, at the time, is that the Australian government, through the decisions it procured, made it worse that it might have otherwise been.

Booms, busts, recessions, and growth; all of the preceding terms are characteristics of a typical market economy. There are times when an economy can flourish spectacularly and there are times when it can fail miserably. Consequently, it is the responsibility of a nation’s central bank to manage these fluctuations through conducting effective monetary policy. The following paper will assume the perspective of the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) and critically analyze the past, present, and future of the Australian economy while considering specific sectors.

The Global Financial Crisis revealed many flaws in the institutional framework of the Eurozone, as well as the flaws in the policies implemented in the aftermath of the revelation of the crisis. One of the major flaws revealed in the institutional arrangement of the Eurozone project, is the clause in the Maastricht Treaty which limits the ceiling on the ratio of the annual government deficit to gross domestic product. As a result of the Global Financial Crisis, The Maastricht Treaty put into place structural impediments that prevented member states from implementing counter-cyclical policies. It is likely that the crisis left a deep and long-lasting effect on economic performance and overall social hardship. Job losses were contained for some

The Eurozone is facing a serious sovereign debt crisis. Several Eurozone member countries have high, potentially unsustainable levels of public debt. Three—Greece, Ireland, and Portugal—have borrowed money from other European countries and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in order to avoid default. With the largest public debt and one of the largest budget deficits in the Eurozone, Greece is at the centre of the crisis. The crisis is a continuing interest to Congress due to the strong economic and political ties between the United States and Europe.

In dealing with current EU hot button topics, solutions are as many and varied as there are countries in the European Union itself. There are many aspects to a countries point of view on such issues including location, history, economy, political outlook, and so on. Because of these influences countries sharing similar histories, locations, economic standings, and etc. band together to create voting blocs in order to get their agendas pushed forward. This paper will discuss the viewpoints of Albania, Bulgaria, and Romania with respect to the refugee crisis and the Eurozone crisis as related by several meetings of representatives from each country. After reading this briefing, Bulgaria citizens should be aware of our country’s feelings

The Eurozone crisis is defined as a multi-year debt struggle that began as early as 2009 and originated in several of the Eurozone states. These countries were not able to pay back the debt they continuously built up even with help from institutions such as the European Financial Stability Facility, the European Central Bank, and the International Monetary Fund. The debt the European Union members acquired were not considered a crisis until after the Great Recession in 2009. This is because some countries released false reports, which soon became discovered, regarding their economic stance. States were able to deceive other nations by inconsistent accounting, off-balance sheet transactions, and the use of complex currency and credit derivatives structures. Greece is considered the main culprit for causing the majority of the debt within the European Union. The Economic and Financial Committee are responsible for receiving and organizing these reports. Fabricated reports were easy for nations to submit due to the established rules set and the organization of the Maastricht Treaty created on February 7, 1992 right before the European Union was established.

Difficult economic situations often create international conflict and human rights abuses. Recently, the European economy experienced an enormous debt crisis. The crisis created unstable economic and social situations in many countries. The Eurozone crisis negatively affects Greece, Spain, and the United States. First, the European Union crisis elicited a health crisis in Greece. Second, the European Union crisis caused unemployment and stress in Spain. Third, the EU crisis generates negative implications for the United States’ economy. Evidently, the fall of Europe’s economy caused severe impacts on surrounding countries.

Over the 15 years the German has been widely viewed as the economic catalyst and stabilizer for its fellow European Union states. Even following the Financial Crisis in 2008, the German economy was able to bounce back quicker than neighboring Eurozone states the source of German success points to a high export led growth economy with a competitive manufacturing sector, lower unemployment, balanced budget, and low costs to borrow. With most economic indicators pointing to strong future growth, it remains to be seen whether a spillover effect occurs to the rest of the EU. Despite a number of reforms, EU countries continue to suffer due to lack of global competitiveness. In dire straits, Greece continues to leverage the support of the European Central Bank and Eurozone states to avoid another financial collapse. In support of Greece, Germany itself lent the country €56 billion, however Germany has begun to lose patience over Greece’s attempts to renegotiate terms of its bailout. As the German economy has persevered through economic turmoil, while Eurozone has struggled, Germany continues to be a shining light of prosperity in the European Union.

To assess the situation, the author presented an overview regarding the crisis. Then the author discusses how the crisis spanned out and the problems associated with the crisis that the European Union faces in light of this crisis. The author also evaluates the crisis by discussing the ways to control this issue.

Today, wealthier countries, like Germany and France, funding for PIIGS consequences have grown frustrated with their lending. Initially guiding the countries in crisis in 2009, the European Union demanded France, Spain, Ireland, and Greece to reduce their nation’s budget deficit due to the fact that such severity could affect the European economy as a whole. (BBC News, 2012) In an article by Justin Kuepper, he explained how investors reacted to the economic crisis, stating, “The negative sentiment led investors to demand higher yields on sovereign bonds… by making borrowing costs even higher. Higher yields also led to lower bond prices, which meant larger countries and many eurozone banks holding these sovereign bonds began to lose money.” (Kuepper, 2016) Eventually the EU granted multiple bailout packages to save Greece and Ireland, and in 2010, founded the EFSF to continue to track movements within the failing economic crisis. The EFSF have provided hundreds of billions of euros to these nations. Consequently, national banks avoid large cash loans (rightfully), causing a liquidity

The European sovereign debt crisis, which made it difficult or impossible for some countries in the euro area to repay or re-finance their government debt without the assistance of third parties (Haidar, Jamal Ibrahim, 2012), had already badly hurt the economies in “PIIGS”, Portugal, Ireland, Italy, Greece and Spain. This financial contagion continues to spread throughout the euro area, and becomes a dangerous threat not only to European economy, but also to global economy.

Historically, financial crises have been followed by a wave of governments defaulting on their debt obligations. The global economic history has experienced sovereign debt crisis such as in Latin America during the 80s, in Russia at the end of the 90s and in Argentina in the beginning of the 00s. The European debt crisis is the most significant of its kind that the economic world was seen started from 2010. Financial crises tend to lead to, or exacerbate, sharp economic downturns, low government revenues, widening government deficits, and high levels of debt, pushing many governments into default. Greece is currently facing such a sovereign debt crisis and Europe’s most indebted country despite

The European financial crisis has been an economic struggle for quite some time now. Because Europe’s economies are interdependent, when one gets out of balance the others are affected as well. One can argue, that the growing current account imbalances within the Euro area indicates an ongoing process of economic divergence rather than convergence. This is the foundation for why this debt crisis has been so difficult to solve. European officials and the best economist the world has to offer still have no viable solution for the matter at hand. We will look at several different aspects of the debt crisis, such as the

The European sovereign debt crisis refers to the ongoing crisis that has affected countries of the Eurozone since 2009 when a group of 10 central and eastern European banks requested bailouts and a 1.8% decline in EU economic output was forecasted by the European Commission (Wagstyl, 2009). The crisis has posed great difficulties and even impossibilities for some EMU members to repay sovereign debt without the external assistance in the form of emergency loans (“bailouts”) from the ECB or International Monetary Fund (IMF). Examples of this include Greece and Ireland in 2010, Portugal in 2011, Spain in 2012 and Cyprus in 2013 (UK Parliament, 2014).