The researcher hypothesized that participants who scored higher on the Cooley Happiness Survey (CHS) lived happier lives then those who had lower scores. The researcher first conducted the convenience sample over a duration of about two weeks then an analysis of the data was conducted. The data showed that 31 participants had opened the survey however, a total of 5 participant’s surveys were removed due to incomplete data (3 due to dropout, 2 due to miss question[s]). This was done to prevent the possibility of skewing the results thus making the results invalid. This left a total 26 respondents whose data was used in the analysis. The researcher then reverse coded a total of 7 questions (Questions 4, 7-10, 17, & 19). The …show more content…
This might indicate that there was a low amount of reliability between the two questions. There were also many questions that indicated a strong inter-item correlation in having a significant positive correlation to each other ranging from .300 to 1.00. This shows an amount of reliability between items. This shows that the test sample did have a level of content validity, which means that the items on the test represent the entire range of possible items that the test should cover. The researcher found that his Cronbach’s Alpha was .749, which, is reasonably high and high enough to be considered valid (above .700). This means that the CHS had enough validity in its analysis to measure a person’s overall level of happiness compared to other participants. Based on the demographic information that was collected, there were many more women then men who took the survey. The demographic information also concluded that there was many more Caucasian that took the survey compared to other ethnicities. Both of these problems could have reduced the amount of validity of the researcher 's analysis. The researcher however, did not separate respondents statistics based on demographic because it was not deemed essential in measuring a person’s overall level happiness. Discussion The researcher believes that the participants who scored higher on the CHS convenience sample would have a
Lazy fall days, colorful leaves, cooler weather, birds singing, frogs croaking, crickets chirping, relaxing to the sounds of the outdoors. Waves of water crashing upon each other, fishing, telling stories around a campfire, making s’mores, memories with family and friends; this is what happiness is to me. Happiness is in the eye of the beholder, what brings happiness to one person may not bring happiness to another person. When I think of the word happiness, I think of descriptive words like Contentment, enjoyment, satisfaction, delightfulness, something that makes a person smile. I have always looked at the word happiness as a feeling, an action, never have I thought of happiness as an overall affect. However, it is a proven fact, that happiness can affect the over-all health and longevity of human life. Happy people live longer than those that are lonely, stressed, or depressed.
The independent variable is married status (single vs. divorced vs. married); the dependent variable is happiness measured on a scale from 1 to 50. This situation is inappropriate—there are more than 2 groups
We are using local colleges for this study, because this sample is achievable with our available resources. One factor that we focus on in the study is to see if religious affiliation has an impact on happiness. Abilene, Texas is predominately Christian affiliated; therefore, the significance of the universities chosen will help us obtain reoccurring result. Hardin-Simmons University is predominately Baptist, Abilene Christian University is Church of Christ, McMurry University is Methodist, and Cisco Community College is nondenominational. Apart from Cisco; Hardin-Simmons, Abilene Christian, and McMurry are all denominations of Christianity. Having different denominations, the interest of the study rises. The interest rises because they all fall under one affiliation. There are very little current studies done on differences of denominations and happiness. For this study, we will be building from current resources and sample subjects that we can obtain. The age range that will be used in the experiment is eighteen to twenty-six. Demographic questions will be asked in a survey prior to the happiness inventory questionnaire. The purpose of this is seeing if different race and ethnicity, and different religion affiliations can be grouped properly. Having different groupings, we should be able to get a more accurate rating on happiness levels and its’ factors to perform a
Based on Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi “Happiness Revisited” People have many different points of view about how to achieve happiness, it can be based on the type of life one is having, an experience, a way of living, culture, and religion. Happiness can be defined in many ways but happiness is not something we find or get just by magic. In “Happiness Revisited” by Csikszentmihalyi, the author emphasizes that “It is by being fully involved with every detail of our lives, whether good or bad, that we find happiness, not by trying to look for it directly.” And just as he stays that happiness is when someone is involved in everything that happens in live either good or bad, one example that I think Csikszentmihalyi will describe as an optimal experience
Errors due to under-coverage and non-response in obtaining sample surveys III. Errors due to using sample standard deviations as estimates for population standard deviations A. I only B. II only C. III only D. I and II E. I and III 15. Compute the critical value ta/2 that corresponds to a 95% level of confidence and degree of freedom = 10. A. 2.228 B.
The participants were asked overall happiness, of the 20 participants, 16 or 80% noted that they were somewhat happy, 10% or 2
The chapter i picked for Essay 2 is chapter 4 - Do we deserve to be happy?. the reason why i chose this chapter because I know we all do believe that we deserve happiness. But i also do believe we deserve unhappiness becasue we will never know how strong we are to get back up when you hit the floor. We can gain the ability to flourish and grow.
There are people who are concern about happiness, they spent a lot of their time doing research and doing survey to get an exact number of how happy people are all over the world. Tal Ben-Shahar the author of “Happier” and Sanjo Lyubomirsky the author of “The How of Happiness” are two of the many authors who are concern about happiness and positive psychology. Base on their research about happiness they came out with a list of rituals, that if you follow them they insure you that you will live a happy life. Sue Halpen the author of “Are We Happy?” it doesn’t support the way researchers are measure how happy people are all over the world. The Happiness of the people of all over the world is something that couldn’t be measure; happiness is something unstable that came be change in seconds depending in the circumstances. It doesn’t matter if you behave in a specific way there are some circumstances that can make that unworkable.
al. 2008). The second is that positive expectations would increase happiness, which their results supported. The strengths of the study include the relatively large sample size and the fact that they controlled for age, gender, prior happiness, family income, and physical health (Holahan et al.’s 2008). However, the limitations were that they did not themselves collect the data, and although they did control for many variables, their sample itself is heavily skewed toward wealthier, intelligent, healthier, in a good socioeconomic status, and generally European-descendent so these results cannot be applied to the larger portion of humanity.
The response rate to the first mailed out questionnaire was 353 out of the original 760 sent out, the researchers then did a second which used a shorter questionnaire. This upped the response rate to 429 out of 760 questionnaires. However, the authors chose to use the longer questionnaires because the shorter version excluded necessary marital history information. The actual number of questionnaires used for the study was 334 out of 353. I assume the 19 questionnaires that were excluded were done so because the respondents had never been married. The total rate of completion was 46%, which is very low. The authors also mention that the N varies from one analysis to the next because of the failure of some subjects to answer all of the question.
According to class discussion, the way researchers decide whether to use qualitative or quantitative analyses in their research design depends on the research question. Often, the question naturally lends itself to either qualitative or quantitative analysis (Dalton Lecture: Nov. 9). The same is true when deciding which method to use for evaluation research. Quantitative methods of analyses are often used to identify the specific effects of a social program. However, when investigating a program’s process or seeking to better understand the complexities of a social program, qualitative analysis is the common choice (Dalton Lecture: Nov.16). When conducting quantitative research, researchers must be aware of levels of measurement because the way in which concepts and variables are measured influence the validity of the results (Pg. 65). There are four levels of measurement that researchers must be aware of when working with quantitative data: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio (Pg. 76). Levels of measurement are chosen as researchers operationalize their variables. Understanding which level of measurement is appropriate for each variable helps one decide which measure of central tendency to report (Pg. 79). For example, if the variable is happiness and participants are asked to rank their level of happiness on a scale of 1 to 10, this type of measurement is ordinal. Therefore, the best measure of central tendency to report is the median,
All research presented in this paper will have been extracted from the HINTS dataset. The researchers who studying this dataset I will be using gathered the dataset through surveys of questionnaires. The two variables used in this paper will be “What is your marital status? Would you say…” and “During the past 30 days, how often did you feel so sad that nothing could cheer you up?” I picked these two variable because as a sociology major, I am very interested in how society as a whole works, living in a society where marriage is encouraged and staying single is looked-down upon, I wanted to research if there really was any correlation between the happiness level a person experiences if they are married versus when a person is single. The
I was pleased to read that the research was a result of a valid representation of the population. Age, gender, and race were all shown appropriately as stated in the method section of the article. I was also happy to read that productive and acceptable modifications were made in order to adjust for oversampling.
From a political standpoint, it is basic knowledge that America is ranked number one in Gross Domestic Product (GDP)(ICFAI), but no one knows what the ranking is for Gross National Happiness (GNH). GNH is a concept created in the constitution of Bhutan back in 2008. It was developed to ensure sustainable and equitable socio-economic development, and good preservation of culture and governance (00:36:30 Belic). In the “World Happiness Report”, United States is ranked 14th Nationally in GNH (Easterland). When comparing the United States to other countries, it becomes more obvious why the United States is not ranked number one. According to “The World’s Happiest Places”, in National Geographic, Denmark, Costa Rica, and Singapore are in the lead (Buettner 31).
The participants were mainly friends, family members or acquaintance. They have not been chosen by preference