Introduction
Scholars all around the world are debating about the question, what public relations is. The term itself provides a really broad definition. It suggests that public relations is about relationships between the public and someone else. The question that follows is what kind of relationship and with whom. Since it is about relationship and relationships are influenced and defined by many different factors, such as culture, politics, religion and economics, it is not surprising that there have been a wide range of public relations definitions, theories and practices.
The Institute of Public Relations (IPR), an association for public relations practitioners established in 1948, tried to define the term public relations in 1987 tried as “the planned and sustained effort to establish and maintain goodwill and understanding between an organisation and its public” (The Institute of
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Today the PRSA writes:
“At its core, public relations is about influencing, engaging and building a relationship with key stakeholders across a myriad of platforms in order to shape and frame the public perception of an organization.” (Public Relations Society of America, 2017).
The PRSA has similar to the IPR ignored the mutuality aspect from Harlow. The IPR and PRSA definition from 1987 and today are similar in the managing aspect, in the sense of the “planned and sustained effort”.
The different definitions provided so far show the complexity and difficulty of the term. Everyone seems to believe that public relations is something similar and still different.
The changing emphasizes shown above and throughout history illustrate that public relations is an evolving profession and term, which is being influenced by different factors around the
Public relations is the contrary of marketing. In marketing, one pays to have their communication positioned in a tabloid, television or broadcasting. In public relations, the editorial that landscapes one’s business is not funded. The journalist, whether radio or newspaper, composes about or movies one’s business as an end result of data he or she established and investigated.
Point of Order (PoO) are used ro recognise aomeone who has broken the SSO or adebate rules.Any senator may call a point of order and need to explain why it is a PoO. There are four valid reason to make a PoO:
Finally, Mack, a wealthy white man with a great job, faces violence when his car breaks down in an unsafe neighborhood. Stranded at night in the middle of a dangerous area, a gang of black men attempt to carjack Mack. The gang threatened Mack’s life with a gun if he disobeyed what they ordered him to do. Before leaving, the man with the gun asks Simon, “Are you asking me a favor as a sign of respect or are you asking me a favor cause I got the gun?” This illustrates how in America, violence is used to gain what you want, no matter how it affects other people. Furthermore, the man carrying the gun was wearing a jacket with ‘USA’ written on the back. Referencing the fact that violence is present in America because the one with the gun is the
Job Outlook explains, “Public Relation Professionals plan, develop, implement and evaluate information and communication strategies that create an understanding and a favourable view of organisations, their goods and services, and their role in the community.”
Living in the age of technology, Public Relations is a continuingly growing industry. Before Public Relations was detected as a “need” for various companies and organizations, it was an undeveloped term, specifically relating to communications. The history of public relations is crucial in understanding how it progressed and developed into the industry it is today. Although there are several influential people that helped the advancement of the public relations, one of the most significant historians today is Ivy Lee. Ivy Lee, not only helped create the vision of public relations, his work can relate and be analyzed through a Christian worldview.
The most recent definition of public relations, according to the Public Relations Society of America (2012), states that “Public Relations is a strategic communication process that builds mutually beneficial relationships between organizations and their publics.” Through the rapid advancement of modern media and technology, there have never been more outlets and opportunities available for accomplishing the goals of public relations. Believing the development of social media has not created serious changes in the way public relations practitioners go about their duties would be foolish and a fast track to falling behind in this rapid world of communication. The main goals of public relations are “to
The theory explains that the value of public relations in organization and society lies in socially responsible managerial decisions and quality organization to public relations. Organisations must behave in ways that solve the problems and satisfy the goals of the stakeholders as well as the management in order to be effective. Good relationship with organisation’s strategic publics is helpful in developing and achieving goals desired by both the organization and its publics, reducing costs of negative publicity, and increasing revenue by providing products and services needed by stakeholders. Practitioners identify publics who are affected by or affect organizational decisions and communicate symmetrically with them to build high quality long term relations.
The perceived ‘cantankerous’ relationship that characterises the exchanges between public relations professionals and media practitioner’s has been rife since the birth of public relations. The pair is, in its simplest term ‘frenemies’, they do work together, albeit covertly, and are usually hesitant to admit (on the media side) their cooperation. However, there is no absolute trust held between the two since there is a shifting power of control and influence that continually changes, which Fletcher (as cited in Hobsbawn, 2010, p. 64) believes is due to the market value of the particular product that public relations is representing. Media practitioners are often called the ‘watchdogs’ of
Public relations (PR) is the way organizations, companies and individuals communicate with the public and media. A PR specialist communicates with the target audience directly or indirectly through media with an aim to create and maintain a positive image and create a strong relationship with the audience. Examples include press releases, newsletters, public appearances, etc. as well as utilization of the world wide web.
Media relations can be defined as one of the most significant areas of the practice of public relations. (Shaw&White, 2004) It enhances the practice of public relations by serving a systematic, strategized and mutually beneficial relationship between journalists and the public relations practitioners to build credibility, understanding and respect between the two parties. (Supa&Zoch, 2009) It is essential to cultivate a positive and healthy relationship between public relations practitioners and journalists because journalists tend to look at public relations practitioners in a negative way where they believe that they spin information to get free publicity which making it difficult for journalists to report legitimate news and at the same time, against the basic rules of news writing. (Fedler and DeLorme, 2002) Another study by Kiranjit and Halimahton (2006) also suggests that public relations practitioners and journalists are very much sceptical about each other’s role and the relationship between two of them is doubtful and uncertain. From the point of view of public relations practitioners, they complaint that journalists do not understand the role of public relations. On the other side, journalists tend to think that public relations
For some people public relations is a very important, strategic element in the smooth and effective function of the company. The concept of public relations is to organize different kinds of activities ,which will cause in the communication between the company and its environment both internal and external. As Jefkins, 2004 stated: The purpose of professional public relations is to create understanding. It is unlike advertising, whose main aim is to generate awareness and sales, or propaganda, whose aim is to suggest what individuals should believe. (str.6) The main aim of this report is to assess what kind of PR techniques do organisations use nowadays in the management of corporate image and reputation. This issue will be
As the name of the discipline implies, public relations is how an organization builds beneficial relationships with its key stakeholders. With effective communication as the practices’ primary tool, modern day organizations have taken advantage of proficient practitioners to boost exposure of their company and its message across to international audiences.
Many people view the role of a public relations professional within an organization as one that involves “making the company look good” among other image enhancing functions. Whether they are called PR professionals, PR people, media relations folks, they are the ones typically called on to inform the public of updates or improvements, they are called to help change the perception of the public, help with rebranding efforts and in the event of negative press or other crises, public relations professionals are often called on to “fix things,” to wield that magic wand of words and press releases to make the bad stuff all go away in an effort to preserve or salvage a positive identity. Many would be surprised to learn that the role of a
Due to the world's rapid change through advanced technology public relation became more and more a global activity. Nowadays it is one of the fastest-growing
Public Relations in New Zealand is widely useful, practised and builds up an organisation’s relationships with its publics. PR in short, is essentially about communication and relationship building. PRINZ [Public Relations Institute of New Zealand] (2009) defines PR as “The deliberate, planned and sustained effort to establish and maintain mutual understanding between an organisation and its publics.” This essay will deconstruct and critically examine this definition of public relations in relation to PR theories. These theories being Systems Theory, Relationship Management and Excellence Theory will be examined and applied to campaign examples. This will give a comprehensive understanding of the theory’s meanings as well as relationships with aspects of the PRINZ definition of PR. To understand PR theories however, the term publics must first be addressed.