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Vygotsky and Piaget theories can apply to an Early Childhood classroom simply because most of their theories will benefit the teachers to use in their classroom. Vygotsky’s scaffolding is when teacher to show guidance towards their students so the students can have the ability to comprehend and think on their own. Solving problems and solution is a boundless to use in the classroom especially if the teachers need and want the children to prepare themselves for the real world. Piaget’s theory has the four stages of Cognitive ability. Thus it will benefit the teacher to use when they are observing the child thinking abilities with proper use of the assessment and difference of the child’s age. For an example if the teacher is teaching two years old she would want to look for make believe play, when a child likes to pretend they are a character from movie or book this stage is call Preoperational Stage. Teachers should observe the activities when the child is pretending to be Queen Elsa or Princess Anna.

Roy believes nursing as a key player to help patients to develop coping mechanism and positive outcome from the constant stimuli exposure. Roy’s goal is for the patient to achieve adaptation leading to optimum health, well-being, quality of life, death with dignity, and finding in life by participating in their own care (Roy & Andrews, 1999.)

1. Describe the racial disparities in the criminal justice system. Why is their disparity in the CJS?

Both authors express many overlapping elements of revealed truth in regard to the process of counseling and the problems that are derived in the life of clients and people suffering from disorders and psychologically unhealthy mindsets. Hawkins utilizes a theory of 5 concentric circles defining the human psyche and physiology. Hawkins goes on to relay his theory of counseling that utilizes 4 phases in which the counselor and the client work through the issues that hinder the client and formulate a plan of action in which the client is assisted in overcoming issues and able to become accountable and productive within the community. Crabb’s (1977) theory of

Associationism is interconnected with empiricism; an individual must undergo an experience in order to learn, retain, and recall that experience. This theory views the construct of ideas, not the soul, as how individuals learn (James, 1998, p. 141). The alternative to associationism was the spiritualist theory. This was also called the soul theory, or idealism, which had been exemplified by previous philosophers. Spiritualists view cognition, and memory as not requiring previous

Associationism is defined as ideas that links to meaning, thought or learning. It is mainly derived from the psychological perspective. For example, if you have a book and a pencil, therefore it associate with learning and finding out if there is a meaning to it. The general three ideas of associationism is generic. Associationism associates with experience, decomposed into a basic stock of simple ideas and composed complex ideas, and simple ideas derived from sensations.

Working from a theoretical base can have many advantages. Some of the advantages of using a theory when working in group counseling are that a theory can help counselors find meaning in experiences; can work as a guide for expected behaviors; it is based on research, which can strengthen the quality of work of leader; it can help counselor see the progress of his/her work; and foresee if it will work well with a specific population (Gladding,

Viewing a certain object in an event and focusing only on its characteristics and details. The ancient Greek trait was transferred down to the American culture. The Americans have not seen any flaws with their ancestor’s perceptions, so there was no need to change the way that they view certain events. Also, according to the article, the ancient Greeks were very individualistic. Which meant that they mostly relied on themselves and they were independent. Those Greeks being individualistic would give them the idea that their views on other things should also show individualism. The object is also independent, only it could determine the causes that lead to certain results. Similar situation with the eastern Asians. The ancient Chinese had been visualizing their events in the holistic perspective. Viewing an object based on its surroundings and how the object’s behavior is related to the “field”, basically the environment is the cause for the consequences of the object rather than the object itself. Also, The Chinese ancestors were very cooperative with each other also made them perceive that the objects in an event must be influenced by some other environmental cause that is making the object have a certain consequence. Any countries ancestry or culture will affect how the people of that country view the certain events that happens around the world. Everyone will have different

Chapter one is about ethics. It is defined as what is right and wrong. By being able to follow guidelines it can make for a good life (pg.3) Ethics can be divided into two forms called theoretical and narrative. Normative ethics affects are lives at the personal and global levels. Normative ethics gives us rea world experience to apply to everyday life (pg.8) Theoretical ethics also called metaethics, is dealing with the meaning and foundations of someone’s morals (pg. 8).,

McGregor (1960) described two views on human motivation: Theory X and Y. Theory X, the more conventional one, holds the view that people are in themselves not intrinsically motivated to work and even attempt to avoid it, that people have no ambition, are resistant to change, are not particularly intelligent and that people only work for money and security. Management’s objective is to direct employees efforts, motivating them, controlling them and modifying their behavior to ensure that they behave in line with the organization’s needs and goals.

A chain of associations are formed by memory; the interconnection and linkage of words, ideas and concepts which form a stimuli that helps remember a person's name once the face is seen (Gazzaniga, Ivry & Mangun, 2009; Watier & Collin, 2012). Associative network memory model can be called a conceptual representation which suggests that memory consists of a set of nodes which have intercnnected linkages. Here the nodes are representated as concepts or stored information and the links which are formed between them depict how much strength the association between the nodes carry. Memories are kept inside the

According to Latané and Darley, there are five characteristics of emergencies that affect individuals making them offer no help when other people are present. There is no correlation between the number of bystanders and the probability of helping others (Slater 90). There are several variables that lead to this phenomenon. They include ambiguity, cohesiveness, and diffusion of responsibility. Latané and Darley described these emergencies as the primary cause of the five stages of helping behavior. There are few positive rewards from the various emergencies (Slater 92). These emergencies threaten the life of the victims and the helpers. The reactions of the victims of emergencies are untrained and unrehearsed as the emergencies are unusual. There is no warning on the occurrence of the same, yet there is a need for instant action. It is due to this reason that the two young psychologists came up with the five stages. These steps should be a permanent part of our public pedagogy.

In his book, The Culture Code, writer Clotaire Rapaille, surveyed in great order his practice of taking what he identifies, ‘imprints’, and using them to research into the oblivious mentality. Rapaille reviewed how he created a systematized and dependable technique of decoding ‘imprints’ (primary, strongest, or greatest influential memories) over what he labeled ‘discovery sessions’. He took these imprints and the calculations of discovery sessions and invented the ‘Culture

“Associationism can be thought of as an attempt to reconstruct the human mind from sensory experience with minimal theoretical assumptions.”

Taking history into consideration, there have been many phases that have resulted in a negative turn in the field. I believe that the major downsides to our history have been primarily involved with the strict empiricism point of view and its similar counterparts. Beginning with Aristotle and his concept of Tabula Rasa, it is difficult to prove that this is true. The justification for this theory is minimal as we are far more complex to have a blank mind. Our mind is not blank and we have clear emotions that are present throughout the day. We justify our experiences and learn from them for the future. Our mind is capable of being creative and finding our potential in other aspects that are difficult to explain and attribute their origin from. If we keep believing this or any form of this theory, we would not be capable of seeking new aspects of the field.