The Usefulness Of Viral Vectors

It is hard to live with Epilepsy because that person with epilepsy has to be careful whenever they do something. The person with Epilepsy can take medicine to help control their chances of a seizure. Anyone can get Epilepsy. One in twenty-six people get Epilepsy, three million Americans have Epilepsy, sixty-five people worldwide have Epilepsy. Each year 200,000 people are diagnosed with Epilepsy. Epilepsy is a negative mutation, because it can make an Epileptic person die from have to many to many seizures, also because it makes new pathways on a Epileptic patient’s brain. As you can see there are a lot of people who have Epilepsy, they can still live their lives to the limit.

Seizure disorders, according to the Mayo Clinic (2015), affect approximately 1 in 26 people in the United States. Persistent, or chronic, seizures result from a condition called epilepsy, a neurological disorder of the central nervous system. It can affect anyone regardless of age, but is more common during early childhood and after age 60. Given the number of people that seizure disorders, such as epilepsy, affect, it becomes helpful to gain a foundational understanding of the disease, including some of the causes, symptoms, and treatments available.

Nipah virus, Arena Virus and Francisella tularensis are bioterrorism agents. They work in various ways to harm the host. Francisella tularenis is considered a Tier 1 bioterrorism agent and Nipah virus is an overlap select agent that affects humans and agriculture both. They have been harmful in the past. Though, Nipah virus is a newer virus than the other two. This review will focus on their emergence, pathogenicity and symptoms of the diseases they cause.

The documentary’s description of neuroplasticity of seizure patients represents the unknowing and negligent work ethic of modern day scientists and researchers alike. This is confirmed by the lack of treatment of these afflicted individuals who suffer a never ending siege daily with themselves, almost always certain that their pain will end but it is always to no avail.

When I first read this article, I found it very informative because I did not know what Dravet Syndrome was. I learned that kids as young as three months old can get seizures. I felt relieved that the parents did

This article covers the Seneca Valley Virus (SVV-001) as a hopeful for an oncolytic treatment of certain cancer types. More specifically those with neuroendocrine properties such as rhabdomyosarcoma, Wilms tumor, glioblastoma, neuroblastoma, and adult small-cell lung cancer. Each of which effect smooth/skeletal muscle cells, kidneys/adrenal glands (mainly in children), astrocytes of the brain, nerve cells of a fetus, and lung cells in adults respectively. The virus was discovered by accident in a contaminated cell culture that contained bovine serum to promote growth. The virus was later discovered to be almost exclusively found in farm animals such as cows and pigs, due to the presence of neutralizing antibodies that were later to only ever have been found in one human sample. Just as important as that, the virus only targets the cells of the above-mentioned cancers/tumors, is a self-replicating RNA virus, and its inability to infect other cells in the body all come together to result in the lysis of these specific cancer cells. These properties alone give great hope for SVV-001 as a treatment for those infected by these diseases, and prompted for more research into its medicinal possibilities.

SID, or Sudden Infant Death, has previously thought to be random. Recently a study has been published showing a link between a idiosyncratic genetic mutation that affects very few people and SID. SCN4A showed up in 4 of 278 babies whose death was caused by SID. The mutation is rare and could possibly contribute to SID.

Eight-year old Charlotte Figi experienced her first seizure at three months old. While all test results were normal, her seizures were increasing in length as time went on, usually lasting two to four hours. According to the CNN report, “Marijuana Stops Child’s Severe Seizures,” by Saundra Young, she was on seven drugs, including addictive barbiturates and benzodiazepines. Their effects were short-lived as “the seizures always came back with vengeance” (2013). When Charlotte was two, she was diagnosed with Dravet Syndrome: a rare genetic form of epileptic encephalopathy that begins in infancy (Epilepsy Foundation). Individuals with this syndrome face a higher chance of sudden unexplained death in epilepsy (Dravet Syndrome Foundation). This

The most frequent inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) impacts the lives of two and half million people in the world, Multiple Sclerosis (MS) (Schattling, 2013). Growing up, this disease has personally affected my family, and seeing a first hand account of the burden and turmoil that this disease causes for all of its patients it is critical to understand how this disease degenerates neurons and axons. The key players in this process are nervous system ion channels that regulate the influx and efflux of sodium and calcium, whether through exchangers or voltage-gated channels. There are normal molecular settings in neurons and there are MS molecular settings; the two are very different and progressively become further

Pediatric epilepsy is a common condition in the United States. Around 326,000 children experience epilepsy under the age of 15, and there are around 200,000 new diagnoses yearly (“What Happens during a Seizure”, 2014). The age of onset can begin as early as infancy and is most common during childhood. In some cases, there is no specific cause for epilepsy. However, the most common cause is a birth defect or developmental disorder. Those that have experienced head trauma, brain infections, or a minor brain injury can also lead to seizures, or epilepsy. The developing brain is more prone to seizures therefor there is a higher incidence in the pediatric population (“Pediatric Epilepsy & Seizures”, 2016).

There have been studies conducted that show that targeting melatonin receptors may be a novel way of reducing the threshold of seizure propensity. Currently, progabide is an established drug that is used to control epileptic seizures. However, there are no studies conducted that combine both melatonin agonists and GABA agonists together to treat epileptic seizures. Our results showed that there was a decrease in seizure propensity when treating the mice with melatonin and GABA agonists, however, there was an even significant decrease in seizure propensity when these two treatments were combined together. The two-way ANOVA test also revealed that treatment and seizure propensity had a significant difference that was

It typically occurs in otherwise healthy adolescents and is characterized by the triad of myoclonic jerks, generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS), and absence seizures (also called petit mal). Seizures characteristically occur upon awakening or in association with sleep deprivation, and patients generally respond quickly and completely to standard antiseizure drugs. Seizure frequency often lessens in adulthood but most patients require life-long antiseizure drug therapy. The underlying cause of JME is not known and there are likely complex underlying genetic defects. JME accounts for 25 to 30 percent of the idiopathic generalized epilepsies and up to 10 percent of all cases of epilepsy. The gender ratio in JME is generally considered to be equal, but several studies have reported a female preponderance of up to 2.9:1. The mean age of onset is 15 years, with a range of 5 to 34 years. The majority of patients are diagnosed between the ages of 12 and 18 years. (Christian M Korff, 2016)

Thus, it seems that at any one time, approximately 50 million people in the world suffer from epilepsy. (3) Today, most would agree that epilepsy involves a deviation from normal brain activity through instability of neurons. The neurobiology of epilepsy is hard to describe, as different types of seizures are related to different parts and separate problems within the brain. This instability causes them to fire in a rapid and/or excessive, synchronous and/or inconsistent manner, with excess electrical discharges within our brain resulting in a seizure. Because this involves very complicated brain activity, and "instabilities" of varying degrees or locations in the brain, there is a great difference between the appearance and treatment of acute presentations, and more severe or chronic presentations. The severity of these seizures depends on several factors: if the episode is fever induced (febrile,) can be located to one area of the brain (partial seizures and temporal lobe seizures,) can be traced to places throughout the entire brain (generalized seizure,) or can be categorized by the intensity and level of electrical activity in the brain (petit mal seizures and grand mal seizures.) Unfortunately, although epilepsy's history dates back

On a fundamental level, seizures can be viewed as resulting from an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory processes in the brain. Proposed mechanisms for the generation and spread of seizure activity within the brain include abnormalities in the membrane properties of neurons, changes in the ionic micro environment surrounding the neuron, decreased inhibitory neurotransmission which is primarily by gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA), or enhanced excitatory neurotransmission which is primarily mediated by the acidic amino acid,

An invisible organism enters your body. It penetrates into your tissues and then takes over the machinery in your own cells to make more copies of itself. This tiny infiltrator works silently, producing thousands of these clones that fill up the cell and cause it to explode. The clones mercilessly continue the process of invading, taking over and destroying cells. The result might be a minor inconvenience to you as the host, or it could result in a slow or rapid death. It depends only on which variant of this unwanted infiltrator overcomes your body’s defenses. There are cures to wipe out some types of these invisible intruders, but others are so difficult to eradicate or so readily adaptable, that the world’s greatest scientists