The Wireless Sensor Networks Protocols And Present A Classification And Comparison Of Routing Protocols

More specifically, a sensor is "a device that responds to phenomena, such as light, pressure, or heat, and generates a signal that can be measured or interpreted" [16]. The sensor network community often defines a sensor node as a wireless device which is small, capable of responding to one or several stimuli, processing the data and transmitting the information over a short distance using a radio link. Sensor nodes contain electronic circuits for minimizing power consumption [17]. Sensors are for measuring sound, light and temperature that is typically thought. However, sensors can measure other variables, such as vibrations or electromagnetic fields [18]. Sensor transmits values wirelessly to one or several BSs

Nowadays, Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are getting more and more involved in our society, researchers and manufacture. As the use of WSNs increases the more challenges rise to make them immune and life longer. Therefore, both fields industry and academia invest money to improve the capability of the security integrity, confidentiality, and authentication. Since WSNs are distributed in unfrequented and abandoned venues, the physical security is unconcerned or less concern. The most concern is the lifetime of Wireless sensor networks, sensors have limited source of power. Thus, economizing energy will keep sensors live longer, the less power means more efficiency. Moreover, secure data is important as well, since no one attends where sensors are located, it is easy to manipulate data or steal it. Cryptography provides high security to WSNs, using algorithms to encrypt and decrypt the sent data is

Sensor nodes have insured wireless communication limited node capabilities. There are lots of challenges put into the sensor network. As discussed earlier WSN is definitely an infrastructure less network, therefore it communicates on the wireless network. The key challenge in WSN is the power supplied to the sensor nodes. Usually the power supplied to the sensor nodes is nonrenewable [12]. Some protocols are utilized in WSN, they are accustomed to maximize the lifetime of the network by the effective management of the power resources. The key issues are explained

Abstract - Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) comprises of several tiny, low-cost, resource constrained sensor nodes. These nodes are placed in harsh environments and generally are used for air pollution monitoring, water quality monitoring, industrial monitoring, health monitoring and more. Routing is difficult in such surroundings primarily due to the unique constraints the wireless sensor networks suffer from. Wireless sensor network is highly dynamic, making existing routing protocols ineffective. This paper concentrates on energy efficiency of the protocols. Both the protocol presented are hierarchical and cluster based. Both have sensor nodes and a base station (BS). The BS selects the Cluster Heads (CH) among themselves. CH is the elected sensor node which passes on the sensor data collected by sensor nodes of its cluster to either BS or other CH. All candidate nodes for becoming CH are listed, based on the various factors like relative distance of the candidate node from the Base Station, outstanding energy level, possible number of neighboring sensor nodes the

A sensor node consist of a radio transceiver with internal antenna or connected to external antenna, a microcontroller and electronic circuits for interfacing with the sensors and energy source such as battery[1][7].

The mobile computing technology is an emerging technology, which consist of wireless sensor networks. The wireless sensor is the smallest unit of a network and some of the features supports large scale deployment, mobility, reliability and other applications. According to (Hoon-Jae, 2011), the main goals of WSNs are to deploy a number sensor devices over an unattended area and transmit to certain locations.

There are generally 2 types of architectures in WSNs. (i) Hierarchical and (ii) Distributed. In a Hierarchical WSN, A base station is a gateway to another network with some other base station to a data processing and storage center, or a human interface node point. Base point takes data from sensors send it to processing unit and that data is sent to the human interface node point. Therefore, base stations are used as key distribution centers as they are connected every other node in network. Sensor nodes form a dense network in form of clusters where a cluster of sensors lying in a specific area may provide similar or close readings of data. Not all node gets the power from power unit few sensor nodes depend on the ad hoc communication to reach base stations.

WSN can be applied to many other fields such as habitat monitoring, environment monitoring, smarthome, intelligent transportation and so on.

Wireless sensor networks typically consist of a large number of sensor nodes with limited onboard battery resources which are difficult to recharge or replace. Thus the reduction of energy consumption for end-to-end data rate and maximization of network lifetime have become chief research concern. In recent years, many techniques have been proposed for improving the energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks. Among these techniques, V-MIMO technique has been considered as one of the effective ways to save energy. In WSN a node has two communication related energy consuming roles, one role is to serve as a packet generating source node (SN), and the other role is to relay packets for the other nodes, which are both energy consuming operations. This is why the energy minimization is required to extend the lifetime of the WSN.

Analysis of Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks: Review Shalabh Mishra Computer Science Department IMS Engineering College Ghaziabad, India shalabhgreat1@gmail.com Dipesh Rai Computer Engineering Department IMS Engineering College Ghaziabad, India dipeshrai111@gmail.com Shashank Dixit Computer Engineering Department IMS Engineering College Ghaziabad, India shiva.imsec@gmail.com Abstract—this paper attempts to describe a literature review of Wireless Sensor Network routing protocols. A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of spatially distributed autonomous sensors to monitor physical or environmental conditions and to cooperatively pass their data through the network to a main location.

Abstract-Key management is one of the most important issues of any secure communication with the increasing demand for the security in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) it is important to introduce the secure and reliable key management in the WSNs.Data confidentiality and authenticity are critical in WSNs. Key management objective is to secure and keep up secure connections between sensor nodes at network formation and running stages.

Energy Consumption: Sensor Nodes are subject to battery power. Sensor networks are set on hostile situations so supplanting the battery is unfeasible. Consequently energy preservation and administration is a basic issue to determine in wireless sensor network.

Low Energy Aware Cluster Hierarchy (LEACH) is one of the hierarchical routing protocols that uses very limited amount of energy and increases the lifetime of the network. Transfer of Data through Wireless Sensor Network is a challenging task today particularly with the existence of Denial of Service (DoS) attacks, Flooding attack, Black hole attach and Gray hole attack. All attacks mentioned above are implemented and their impacts on the performance of the LEACH in terms of different metrics including packet

A mobile wireless sensor network, shortly WMSN, can be defined as a wireless network of a sensor nodes that are mobile. Motivation behind a mobile wireless sensor network is to capture real world data and convert them so it can be transferred, processed, stored and later studied or analyzed (Guo, 2014). The MWSN is usually a combination of two or more technologies such as mobility, wireless connectivity and the ability to gather local information. The mobile wireless sensor network is usually deployment of a large number of small, inexpensive, self-powered nodes and receiving station (Kumbhare, Rangaree, & Asutkar, 2016). These MWSN can be effectively used for civil and military purposes.

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are presented their abilities in many vital applications such as wildlife tracking, checking heart rates of human, military applications, traffic monitoring, etc, [1]. Wireless sensors have limited resources, including limited storage, limited processing facility, and communication capability. In addition, each sensor node is powered by a battery, which has a finite size and cannot be recharged or replaced due to environmental conditions [2-5]. Actually, Sensor nodes depend on their finite resources to survive. Due to these reasons, it is important to enhance the energy efficiency of nodes to improve the quality of the application service REF. The first problem of WSNs is to minimize energy consumption in