Analysis Of Wireless Sensor Network Routing Protocols

A routing protocol is required to find routes between nodes within the network. We are presenting two different routing protocols and their evaluation and then provide a comparison and discussion of their respective advantages and drawbacks. ABR (Associativity Based Routing) and RSR (Robust Source Routing) protocol. In ABR protocol, a route is selected based on nodes having associativity states that imply periods of stability. The ABR protocol is suitable for mobility in ad hoc wireless networks. Whereas the RSR is secure, on-demand, multi –path, source routing protocol.

Sensor nodes have insured wireless communication limited node capabilities. There are lots of challenges put into the sensor network. As discussed earlier WSN is definitely an infrastructure less network, therefore it communicates on the wireless network. The key challenge in WSN is the power supplied to the sensor nodes. Usually the power supplied to the sensor nodes is nonrenewable [12]. Some protocols are utilized in WSN, they are accustomed to maximize the lifetime of the network by the effective management of the power resources. The key issues are explained

Abstract - Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) comprises of several tiny, low-cost, resource constrained sensor nodes. These nodes are placed in harsh environments and generally are used for air pollution monitoring, water quality monitoring, industrial monitoring, health monitoring and more. Routing is difficult in such surroundings primarily due to the unique constraints the wireless sensor networks suffer from. Wireless sensor network is highly dynamic, making existing routing protocols ineffective. This paper concentrates on energy efficiency of the protocols. Both the protocol presented are hierarchical and cluster based. Both have sensor nodes and a base station (BS). The BS selects the Cluster Heads (CH) among themselves. CH is the elected sensor node which passes on the sensor data collected by sensor nodes of its cluster to either BS or other CH. All candidate nodes for becoming CH are listed, based on the various factors like relative distance of the candidate node from the Base Station, outstanding energy level, possible number of neighboring sensor nodes the

Topologies used in Wireless Sensor Network are Mesh, Star, Ring, Tree, and Bus, Fully connected.

Figure 7 demonstrates the performance comparison plot for the routing overhead in the WSN for the proposed approach. Through the simulation graph, it is clearly observed that proposed EEHM provide effective routing overhead than other existing algorithms. Also, it is identified that EEHM algorithm also provides almost similar characteristics as of EEHM algorithm. Other

Ad-hoc networking is a concept in computer communications, which allows users wanting to communicate with each other to form a temporary network, without any form of centralized administration or infrastructure. Each node participating in the network acts both as host and as router and must therefore be willing to forward packets for other nodes. For this purpose, an efficient routing protocol is needed.

A Wireless Sensor Network usually is formed by numerous wireless sensor devices. Routing is an important mechanism which will help the data to get forwarded to the right destination. Internet Protocol is an important protocol which helps in routing process. Generally the nodes in a Wireless Sensor Network are integrated and routing using IP version 4 is difficult as the address space is limited. IP version 4 uses 32 bit addressing mechanism which is not sufficient to complete the routing process. The other option is the use of Internet Protocol version 6.

The approach of dividing the networks into small controllable units is called as clustering. The clustering technique advances the scalability of network through ease of implementation and results energy efficient routing within the sensor networks. The clustering approach has some other advantages also like conserving communication bandwidth, avoiding redundant message transfer, localizing energy efficient route setup etc. LEACH, HEED, DECA, etc. are the energy efficient routing protocols based on clustering technique.

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is an infrastructure less, dynamic topology, application oriented, multihoping network design with small, sensing wireless distributed nodes. [1] WSN consists of thousand of wireless node distributed in a geographical area. The distributed nodes senses the current status of its region and supply to the next upper which collects different information from different nodes and supplied final information to the

Wireless Sensor Networks give an extension between real world and virtual systems. Wireless systems are grouped into Wireless Personal Area Networks, Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks and Wireless Local Area Networks. They are comprehensively isolated into two classes one is infrastructure-aided and infrastructure less. Portable ad hoc systems are self-sorting out systems of versatile nodes with no foundation so it is infrastructure less system. Transitional or sending nodes is utilized to build up correspondence between nodes. The directing conventions are required on the grounds that the nodes needs to move in the fancied way and the routing strategy plays an essential part in ad hoc systems.

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consists of a large number of low cost sensor nodes depolyed in parking area. These sensor nodes form a multi-hop ad-hoc network by wireless commnunication.

Therefore the routing protocols for wired networks cannot be directly used for wireless networks. Some examples of the possible uses of Ad Hoc networking include students using laptop computers to participate in an interactive lecture, business associates sharing information during a meeting, soldiers relaying information for situational awareness on the battlefield and emergency disaster relief personnel coordinating efforts after a hurricane or earthquake. A MANET uses multi-hop routing instead of a static network infrastructure to provide network connectivity. Several routing protocols have been proposed for MANETs. Initially, in this work, number of ways of classification or categorization of existing routing protocols and the survey on the performance comparison of important protocols such as AODV [2], DSR [3] and DSDV [4] are presented. A number of researchers have done the performance analysis of Ad Hoc Routing protocols over the years using different simulators like NS2, Qualnet, Opnet etc. From the survey of QoS Models and Protocols of the IP network such as IntServ, DiffServ, FQMM (Flexible QoS Model for MANET), RSVP etc., it is observed that they

Development in Wireless Communication and networking has led to development of many applications like Bluetooth, Near Field Communications and Wireless Sensor Networks. A wireless sensor network is essentially a network of nodes which consist of a power supply, sensors which usually sense the ambient conditions and processors for storing and processing information collected and a transceiver unit which is used to transmit and receive information from other nodes. In addition it might have a GPS system which provides location based services. This Wireless Sensor network is divided into 3 main parts: Bottom nodes, cluster heads and network coordinators. The data collected by a node is transmitted to its cluster head, in turn, the data collected by the cluster head is sent to the network coordinator and data at the network coordinator can be sent to nearby clusters using a router and internet.

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) consists of large number of sensor nodes distributed across a geographical area in highly dense manner. These nodes are of low cost and use less energy to perform various functions. These sensors have the ability to communicate with each other and route the data to next node or back to the Base Station (BS). Sensor nodes in a sensor network communicate with other nodes and collect the information.

A number of studies and researches showing the improvement in LEACH protocol of Wireless Sensor Networks.