Theophylline is inexpensive and worldwide it remains one of the most widely prescribed drugs for the treatment of airway diseases. It has been used for over 70 years in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Nonetheless, theophylline has newly turn into a third-line treatment in many modern countries that is only used in some poorly controlled patients. Various protocols of therapy assisted this. It has even been recommended that theophylline is not indicated in any patients with asthma. The prevalence of side effects and the comparably low potency of theophylline have now led to diminished usage because inhaled β2-agonists are far more efficient as bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids have a …show more content…
Low-dose theophylline pushes an anti-asthma response through rising stimulation of HDAC which is finally enrolled by corticosteroids to abolish inflammatory genes.Drugs affecting microsomal enzyme complexes in the liver can alter the clearance of theophylline. Other mixed mechanisms (e.g. hepatic uptake) can also be affected by concomitant administration of other drugs. Whatever the mechanism, the interaction may be satisfactory to constrain modification of the theophylline dosage, in preference regulated by plasma theophylline determinations. Drugs which increase the clearance of Theophylline: 1) Phenobarbitone: Comedication with Phenobarbitone may depend upon an increase of the theophylline dose by around 30% because of raised clearance arising from enzyme induction. 2) Carbamazepine: With phenytoin and carbamazepine an increase dose of theophylline around 45% can be needed. 3) Rifampicin, Isoniazid and Sulphinpyrazone: With rifampicin, isoniazid or sulphinpyrazone comedication, an increase of the theophylline dose by around 20 to 25% may be required. Drugs which decrease theophylline clearance: 1) Erythromycin, propranolol and isoprenaline: making a minimization in the dose of concomitant theophylline recommended with normal doses of erythromycin, propranolol and isoprenaline
| 1. corticosteroid 2. bronchodilator 3. ACE inhibitor4. cholesterol 5. benzodiazepine 6. potassium sparing diuretic
Salbutamol (also known as albuterol in USA) is one of the most famous short-acting β2 agonists. It has become first line treatment for asthma due to its effectiveness. I met this drug in a dispensing session in the first term and I think is a good example of what we have learnt so far. In this essay I will tell you what I know about this drug.
Azithromycin (Zithromax) 500 mg IVPB q24h for~ 2 days then 500 mg PO for~ 7 days
The solution is often to raise the dosage. The trouble is that Phentermine can simply be handled an optimum dosage
Although some agar plates were hard to see if the streptomycin had a definitive zone of inhibition. Ampicillin, erythro-mycin, penicillin, sulphafurazole was ineffective with no inhibition zone.
The nurse should request a prescription for Cogentin, which will help prevent the extrapyramidal side effects of the Prolixin, with the exception of tardive dyskinesia. There is a risk of decreased efficiency of Prolixin when the client is also taking Cogentin.
Here’s a list of medications that are known to interact with this drug. There may be others not listed. If you have any questions, ask your
The patient is allergic to Penicillin; this antibiotic is part of the penicillin family. This is drug is not to be taken if allergic to any penicillin antibiotic.
According to Epocrates, the drug of choice would be amoxicillin (Amoxil), which is in the penicillin family. If failed treatment occurs, a higher dosage of amoxicillin should be prescribed or the drug should be changed to amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin). This should be tried before changing to a different drug class (Epocrates, 2014).
A 25 Y/O male present with acute sinusitis. Based on your knowledge, the most likely causative organisms include all of the following except:
Asthma is a “chronic inflammatory disease of the airways” and causes difficulties in breathing due to the widespread narrowing of the bronchial airways1. Asthma can occur in people of all ages and affects approximately 10.2% of Australians (2011-12) 2. Generally asthma is reversible with or without treatment however over time damage may occur3. Therefore it is important for patients to manage their asthma well in order to maintain a healthy and quality lifestyle. One of the most effective treatments used to control asthma is Salbutamol. Salbutamol is a short acting B2 adrenergic agonist and it is mainly used for quick relief or to prevent the onset of asthma3. This essay will explain the physiology of the respiratory system and the effect on the system when a person has asthma. It will also discuss the use of salbutamol as a treatment for asthma.
They studied the OTC drugs salbutamol sulfate, formoterol fumarate, and salmeterol xinafoate in vitro by [C-14}-TEA uptake into Proxima(Calu-3) and distal (A549 and NCI-H441) lung epithelial cells and found that it was significantly reduced by the attendance of these OTC drugs. They also confirmed that these drugs make the transport responsible for the beta 2 agonist interaction challenging. “the expression of all five members of the OCT/N family has been confirmed in human pulmonary epithelial cells in situ and in
Age plays an important factor when considering prescribing drugs as the very young and the elderly will have difficulty with the metabolism and excretion of drugs. Even the healthiest of the ageing population will have a degree of renal impairment which delays excretion through the kidneys, increasing the duration of action. However when dealing with an acute illness, which are the patients I encounter, a further and rapid reduction in clearance will exacerbate this process. Liver function may also be impaired during acute illness resulting in delayed drug metabolism (Beckworth & Franklin, 2007). Therefore, before any prescribing can take place a diagnosis must be accurately made and underpinned by an understanding of basic pathophysiology eg, a recent review of bloods to assess renal
Current medications include metformin, simvastatin, hydrochlorothiazide, trazodone, losartan, citalopram, metoprolol, aspirin, isosorbide dinitrate 30 mg, nitrostat, Vitamin,
The second chapter of Godric takes off with a conversation between godric and Reginald about godric’s name. Reginald states Godric translate to “God reigns” by the virtue of “God reigning in godric” (17). On the contrary, godric rejects Reginald’s translation and state his own meaning which is “God wreck” since God wrecked him for his sins (17). This section gives a picture of how godric views Reginald as irksome and infuriating. Despite this, Reginald persists to question godric like, “When were you born?” and “What manner of man is John the Baptist when he visits godric in his dream?”(18). Godric insults Reginald by stating John appeared to him as, “something between a goat and a Jew” and condemns Reginald for only seeing the light and forgetting