Theories Of Development

There are many different theories of development that help us to understand children’s behaviour, reactions and ways of learning. All equally important as they influence practice. To begin with there is Piaget’s constructivist theories which look at the way in which children seem to be able to make sense of their world as a result of their experiences and how they are active learners. He also suggested that as children develop so does their thinking. Piaget’s work has influenced early years settings into providing more hands on and relevant tasks for children and young people. In other words the children are ‘learning through play’. Teachers are working out the needs of children and plan activities accordingly.

Compare and contrast Karl Marx’s and Walt Rostow’s theories of stages of social and economic development.

Development psychology refers to the human development of cognitive abilities and social relationships understanding development has its importance as it provides insight into human behaviour. Over the years, a vast number of developmental theories have been put forward aiming to offer insight into this matter. The debate as to whether development is driven by nature (evolutionary factors) or nurture (environmental factors) or a combination of both fundamentally divides theories in the field and beyond.

After reading the language and gender section of our textbook I found very interesting what Robin Lakoff proposes about the set of traits which distinguish women’s language from men’s language. Moreover, Deborah Tannen gave great examples of the differences of women’s and men’s language. In addition, I enjoyed watching the video about how children communicate. Bases on what Lakoff proposed, the textbook mentions that women use a greater use of hedges and indirect speech acts. Also, that woman used fewer taboo terms for sexual and bodily functions than men do. Moreover, that boys talk more than girls and that teachers are likely to give more attention to boys. In addition, Women like to speak in a private/small way and men speak in a public

Chapter six and seven had a lot of useful information for the field I am working to

What was once referred to as ‘middle age’ is now referred to as ‘midlife’, a broad social category demarcated by chronological, social/cultural and body time (Adam, 2004). Although it is difficult to ascertain the actual age when one becomes ‘midlife’ in Western (British/North American) societies the period is assumed to begin in the late thirties and extend into the late fifties (for example, Featherstone and Hepworth, 1996 and Hockey and James, 2003). For some, midlife is a transitional turning point. It is a time when past, present, and future intersect and it becomes easier to reflect on the course life has taken, and importantly where it may lead. It may also be a time when the roles, responsibilities, and patterns of everyday life alter substantially, prompting uncertainty in the present and reflection on future options and possibilities (Hockey and James, 2003). As such, it is likely that individuals will attach different meanings to the experience of midlife. However, this is often neglected in current theories of middle age, where there is a tendency to ignore the impact of cultural and ethnic diversity on the experience of aging. The data presented in this paper suggest cultural differences between women influence their priorities during this period of their lives. A main aim, rather than presupposing sameness of experience, is to consider midlife as a culturally mediated and complex phenomenon.

The study of gender and language has focused on two main areas: first, the speech of females and males and how they are distinct. This area considers the specific characteristics of speech and the different strategies used by either males or females. Second, this area considers the relation between the structure of language and the two genders. In other

Midlife can be a stressful time, and many people feel discontented and restless as they struggle with aging, with their mortality and sense of purpose in life. Certain symptoms start to appear such as

The life span theories is about four different theories; the psychoanalytic, behaviourism, cognitive and humanistic. Erikson has some similarities with Freud however it is extremely different in other ways. Rather than Erikson focusing on sexual interest as a driving force in development, he believed that social interaction and experience played a decisive role. Erikson has an eight stage theory of human development which describes the process from birth to death and the crisis of each stage brings. His life span stages follow as infancy which crisis is autonomy vs shame and doubt and trust vs mistrust. This is when the world seems a safe place or it can be a place that can have unstable events. During this stage of infancy it is unsure about the world that the live in. to overcome these feelings of uncertainty the infant looks towards their primary caregiver for stability care. If this care is constant the sense of trust will be developed which will carry on in other relationships. If there is success in this stage it will lead to the virtue of hope, furthermore the person will have hope if a new crisis and therefore a failing attain virtue of hope will lead to fear when a crisis occurs. Also if there is mistrust at the infancy stage this will carry on into other relationships.

Freud’s theory of development is a theory that falls under the psychodynamic theory. The Psychodynamic theory is a theory about personality development due to drives and motives, many of which are unconscious. Freud believes there are three parts of personality; id, ego, and superego. Id is totally unconscious, functions using the pleasure principle. The ego is partly unconscious, party conscience. The superego is partly unconscious, party conscious, and it’s the moral center of our personality. Ego is the mediator between id and superego. Ego tends to rationalize or engage in defense mechanism.

Midlife represents the period where one is between his 30s to 40s, halfway through one’s average life span. This is also the period where an individual faces the psychosocial conflict involving having the ability to produce something which outlives the individual as well as to care about the benefits of the future generation. These activities include being a parent, mentor as well as a role model to their off springs. Midlife crisis is the transition period between 40 to 45 years of age, where one faces questions about his life achievements and bring up unresolved issues such as what he has come across and where he is heading. The crisis can involve changes in personality in response to life events such as divorce,

Theories of human growth and development provide a framework for the understanding of how humans development socially, mentally, and physically. All theories give different types of valuable information which gives readers more insight into the subject matter. For example the subject at hand is human growth and development. In this there are theories which will give you an insight of the subject matter in a cognitive viewpoint, physical viewpoint, or even in a social viewpoint.

According to Sigmund Freud, in psychosexual development the child is discovering their own body in different ways. The first stage is the oral stage where they infant is putting everything in their mouths. According to WIKI, “In Freudian psychoanalysis, the term oral stage denotes the first psychosexual development stage where in the mouth of the infant is his or her primary erogenous zone.” The mouth is very important for eating and drinking and the babies

As social workers, we aim to learn the basics of competent and ethical practice with children, young people and families from diverse backgrounds. To do this, we must have an

According to Balami (2006) In the long run, the rate of growth of (per capita) GDP is determined by population growth and the rate of technical progress. Higher investment can speed up growth temporarily, but as the capital-output ratio rises, an increased proportion of GDP needs to be invested to equip the increasing labour force, and the capital-output ratio converges towards a finite limit, however high a proportion of GDP is invested. Low investment slows down growth, but the capital-output ratio falls towards a lower limit which is always positive for positive investment.