Transient Receptor Potential ( Trp ) Essay

The perception of pain and the emotions that control intensity differ in individuals. Since feeling pain is somewhat adaptive, when one experiences it, he or she becomes aware of an injury and tries to remove oneself from the source that caused the injury. For this reason, pain is considered neuropathic or inflammatory in nature. Thus, when pain is the outcome from the damage caused to the neurons of the peripheral and central nervous system, then that pain is neuropathic. However, if the pain signals any kind of tissue damage, then the pain is inflammatory in nature. Due to various types of pain, the interpretation of pain by neurons and the source of that pain

Chronic pain has four mechanisms. Nociception is a neural signal of threatened or damaged tissue, and is the classical pain pathway. Central pain states are thought to be caused by abnormal activity in neurons in the afferent pathway. The mechanism for this is not completely understood, and a person may perceive pain where there is no tissue damage. Behavioral pain is communicated by a

To most people, pain is a nuisance. But to others, pain controls their life. The feeling discomforts us in ways that can sometimes seem almost imaginable. These feelings can lead to many different side effects if not dealt with or diagnosed. These effects can include depression, anxiety, and incredible amounts of stress. The truth about pain is that it is vital to our existence. Without the nervous system responding to pain, we would have no idea if we were touching a hot stove, being stuck by a porcupine's needles, or something else that could leave a lasting effect upon our bodies without us even knowing anything about it. This warning system helps to alert us when there is

Every day, humans experience a phenomenon called pain. When something hurts you, nerve cells called nociceptors alert the brain that something is wrong (Doc. 2). Some people are born with a mutation in a gene named PRDM12, which prevents them from feeling pain. PRDM12 is responsible

Without these sensory neurons, people with CIPA cannot feel any pain or temperature. They also lose the nerves by their sweat glands, which leads to anhidrosis – lessened or no sweating. The purpose

Average pain is processed by nociceptors via two sets of neural pathways. The ascending neural pathway is activated by painful stimuli like extreme temperature, pressure, and impact. The ascending pathway sends nociceptive signals to send neurotransmitters

Nociception is a neural process that senses and responds to harmful stimuli, for instance in this scenario Linda rolling her ankle. Nociceptive pain comes from an actual or potential mechanical or chemical stimuli that causes injury to non-neural tissue, this is due to the activation of nociceptors. (1)

Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis is a hereditary gene that comes from a mutation in the NTRK1 gene. The NTRK1 gene provides instructions for making a receptor protein that binds to another protein called NGFB. NTRK1 is important for the survival of the nerve cells. It is found on the surface of cells, mostly neurons that transmit pain, temperature, and touch. The mutations mean it can’t transmit signals to the neurons then they die by self destruction, it is called apoptosis.

Ionotropic receptors is a binding site that opens when an ion attaches to the binding site. The ionotropic receptor is also a direct method to the ion channels. Ionotropic receptors has a channel where molecules move in and out of the ion channel. The ions that goes into the ion channel are made out of sodium which cause the membrane to become small.

The authors also make the important observation that pain has the ability to suppress itch which is shown when the mechanical pain of a scratch masks an itch, but never see an itchy sensation relive pain (Sun). This led the authors to believe that pain and itch have common neuronal paths but somehow our CNS is able to distinguish these sensations. Their new selectivity theory claims that itch stimuli are itch neuron specific while painful stimuli activates a wide range of neurons that ultimately inhibits the itch sensation while producing the pain

The two most well-known ERs are ERα and ERβ (Hall et al., 2001). A third ER, ERX, has been proposed (Toran-Allerand et al., 2002). To date ERX remains poorly understood and any functionality it may have in pain signaling is currently

Pain is something that connects all of us. From birth to death we can identify with each other the idea and arguably the perception of it. We all know we experience it, but what is more important is how we all perceive it. It is known that there are people out there with a ‘high’ pain tolerance and there are also ones out there with a ‘low’ pain tolerance, but what is different between them? We also know that pain is an objective response to certain stimuli, there are neurons that sense and feel pain and there are nerve impulses that send these “painful” messages to the brain. What we don’t know is where the pain

Bioactive lipids or lipids that activate specific signalling pathways are involved in the regulation and maintenance of normal bodily functions. Furthermore, bioactive lipid targets have been implicated in a number of conditions such as cancer, asthma and arthritis, all of which contain an inflammatory element. Additionally, a number of bioactive lipids are also known to target several different types of receptors. These include the cannabinoid receptors, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) ion channels. The assessment of bioactive lipid levels in biological systems is important for understanding their role in cell function and pathological

The human nervous system is divided into two parts, the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system, CNS, is just the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system, PNS, includes the nerves and neurons that extend outwards from CNS, to transmit information to your limbs and organs for example. Communication between your cells is extremely important, neurons are the messengers that relay information to and from your brain.

Give a brief description in your own words of the objectives and aims of this practical.