travel agents aand its effectiveness
CONCEPT OF TOURISM
INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND OF TOURISM
Tourism, as an industry has emerged as an instrument for employment generation, poverty alleviation and sustainable human development. Tourism promotes international understanding and gives support to local handicrafts and cultural activities. It is an important segment of the country’s economy, especially in terms of its contribution towards foreign exchange earnings, generation of additional income and creation of employment opportunities.
With rapid advances in science and technology, tourism has acquired the station of an industry in all industrialized countries. The high influx of foreign tourist traffic has accelerated demand for
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Organised sport was already well established in Britain long before it reached other countries. The vocabulary of sport bears witness to this: rugby, football and boxing are all British sports, and even Tennis, originally a French sport, was formalized and codified by the British who invented the first national championship in the nineteenth century, at Wimble-locking for amusement during the coldest season.
Mass tourism did not really begin to develop, however, until two things had occurred.
(i) Improvement in communication allowed transport of large numbers of people in a short space of time to places of leisure interest.
(ii) Greater numbers of people began to enjoy the benefits of leisure time. The biggest development of all was the invention of the railways, which brought many of Britain’s seaside towns within easy distance of Britain’s large urban centres.
The father of modern mass tourism was Thomas Cook who, on Ju5, 1841, organised the first package tour in history by chartering a train to take a group of teetotalers from Leicester to a rally in Southborough, some twenty miles away. Cook immediately saw the potential for business development in the sector, and became the world’s first tour operator. Others soon followed him, with the result that the tourist
Tourism has become a commercial business, which has obvious benefits to the said economy, the environment and society. Often, the positive economic impacts persuade governments, companies and individuals to get involved with the development of tourism. Tourism creates jobs, both
During this time the rise of railroads was coming to power due the new invention of the steam engine which made the locomotive efficient. This allowed the spread of railroads to be built all around the country to make transportation easier and faster, this allowed people to move products from the factories from point A to point B easier and faster which made things more efficient. With all the railroads being built it helped the general public because
Second, the development of new public transit systems, was important in shaping the design of our cities and the growth of our cities by enabling people to move further away from the inner city. Early on, large cities didn’t really have public transportation. Their main source of transportation were horse drawn wagons and walking. In conclusion, most people lived near on in the downtown area, where most of the working establishments were located. Because of this, it made big cites crowed and congested. With the breakthrough of the “el”, electric streetcars, and subways, around 1867, cities began expand more. Those who were fortunate enough to move out of the dirty cities and into better neighborhoods surrounded outside the city, did so. The new transit systems in most cities allowed people to escape the chaos of urban life and provided potential for growth of our cities.
Transportation in the United States has changed dramatically in the past few hundred years, from dirt roads, to canals, to railroads, and back to roads to again. Improvements in transportation between the years 1820 and 1860 allowed for almost all of America to be accessible which caused the US economy to explode. Transportation turned the U.S. into a flourishing economy and caused a large increase in sectionalism, industrialization, and expansion.
Today, the people of Britain, both wealthy and poor, have so many more transportation choices. Over the years, as the scientific revolution allowed, more varied and cheaper ways of travelling were invented. In present day Britain, there are a lot of ways that people get around. You no longer have to be rich to get where you are going in a safe and timely
The use of the passenger train made journeying outside of the city convenient and time sparing. With the use of the train for transportation becoming more of a daily routine for many people this transitioned boating into more of a leisure activity and not as much of a form of transportation to destination. Groups of well to do citizens would go boating together as a social activity, then to take a break they would often meet up and eat lunch at a
Trains also helped out with this in a big way they also made it faster to transport things and people they helped people get to work faster and to get to where they needed to be faster than walking.
The rise of cities led to a lot of development in American society. Many people moved to the cities because there were more financial opportunities. Communities based on ethnicity sprouted all through the city and are still present all over the country today. Companies began building upward instead of outward to avoid paying large amounts for big plots of land and paying more property tax. Public transit was another new concept that came to be with trolleys and subways. Cities also saw the development of new power sources going from steam engines to water power to electricity. Different forms of leisure activities were established with the rise of cities such as the movies, amusement parks, and the Vaudeville theater where music and magic shows
Mathieson writes that ‘the evolution of new transport and communication technologies brought about a gradual shift in travel practice’, which opened new doors and gave more opportunities for both national and international travel. By the end of the 1800s Britain became more connected, with towns and cities being reached faster than ever before. For example, in his book The Progress of a Nation G.R. Porter noted that the journey from London to Oxford which previously took two days, was ‘now regularly performed in six hours’. This increased mobility promoted movement of goods as well as people and promoted the idea of travel, which in itself is a constantly modernising concept. It became significantly easier to make journeys which may have otherwise been impossible, which led to greater social interaction among the people of Britain.
As mentioned by Rimmington & Morrison (2009), the assistance from different parts of the world presents a new and diverse outlook for future research including theoretical innovations and revelations, cultural and environmental aspects, tourist destination and other ecotourism and recreational aspects of tourism and hospitality industry (Brotherton,
Tourism plays a vital role in economic development in most countries around the world. The industry has not only direct economic impact, but also significant indirect and influential impacts. There is agreement among experts that the travel and tourism sector is the fastest growing of global economy. According to the latest UNWTO World Tourism Barometer, international tourism receipts surpass US$ 1 trillion in 2011, growing about 3.8%up from 2010 (WTO, 2012).
Another aspect of impact of tourism on a country’s economy is that it facilitates the expansion of the market of goods and services. Foreigners come to a country willing to spend money on different goods and services, thus increasing the amounts of sales. This is a great chance for producers and service providers to receive larger profits. This concerns not only hoteliers, tour operators, and souvenir shops owners. Public transportation, retail stores of different kind, restaurants, and cafes benefit from international tourism. Obviously, if these industries are in demand, businesses will be expanding. On the one hand, it means that more money is paid to the budget. On the other hand, profits generated by the owners are spent inside the country, affecting almost all the fields of the
The buyers of the services of travel agencies are consumers, that is, individuals and businesses. For this industry we are dealing with a small degree of concentration, due to the wide range of services.
The Travel and Tourism industry is still one of the largest single businesses in world commerce and its importance is widely recognized. The tourism industry is now one of the largest sectors earning foreign exchange. In the face of many benefits, many countries have started assigning due weight age to the tourism industry in their national development agenda. Tourism is an industry that operates on a massively broad scale: it embraces activities ranging from the smallest sea-side hotel; to air-lines, multi-national hotel chains and major international tour operators. Originally, non-traditional industries such as tourism emerged as a solution to strike a balance between ecology and industry
The tourism from its beginning has manifested itself over the centuries in different shades, but the greatest common denominator was the movement of people to meet their needs. As claimed by Graburn (1983, quoted in Shaprley, 2008, pp. 1-23), ‘Tourism cannot be viewed as one monolithic, static sort of phenomenon’. The history of tourism opened with a restricted number of tourists who could afford to travel for the purpose of leisure and pleasure, in particular during the seventieth and eighteenth centuries with the Grand Tour and development of spas. Over the nineteenth century, the figure of Thomas Cook laid the foundations for tourism understood as a mass phenomenon. However with the arrival of mass tourism in the twentieth century marked the watershed between the elitism of the previous centuries and the tourism accessible to the masses. As argued by Towner (1995, pp. 340) tourism over the latter half of the twentieth century ‘spreading socially from the upper classes, down through the middle ranks and ultimately to the mass working classes’. This essay looks in particular the events that have revolutionized the ‘make tourism’ by European tourist during the twentieth century. It also looks to the influences that the trends examined had on tourist behavior and his openness to new habits in relation to the management of his leisure time. The impact of these innovations towards the concept of tourism in a contemporary way will be analyses throughout the essay leading to a