An 18-year old female has been diagnosed as having a sexually transmitted disease due to Neisseria gonorrhoea; Gonorrhoea is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by bacteria called Neisseria gonorrhoeae or gonococcus. Gonorrhoea is pathogenic bacterial type of infection.Itis a rather common infectious bacterium that can grow and rapidly multiply in the mucous membranes, in areas such as the mouth, throat and anus of males as well as females. Cervix, fallopian tubes and the uterus of the female reproductive tract are also to be infected. An estimated of 650,000 people are affected by gonorrhoea per year.
The bacteria are mainly found in discharge from the penis and vaginal fluid from infected men and women and can be passed through
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Both sexes experience sore throat in oral infections if they are not asymptomatic. However, this response is most commonly mistaken as a viral sore throat.
Describing the clinical presentation of this infection& health and safety issues when diagnosing the infection in the microbiology laboratory
The recommended method for testing for gonorrhoea is nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT). NAAT is a molecular test designed to detect the DNA (genetic material) of Neisseria gonorrhoea. This tests is also more specific than other gonorrhoea tests
A sample of cells will be diagnosed by your doctor to determine the presence of gonorrhoea in your body. Samples can either be collected by urine tests (helps with identification of bacteria in the urethra), also a swab from the affected area (which removes the need for pelvic exam for women). A swab of your urethra, throat, rectum or vagina may collect bacteria that can be identified in a laboratory.
The collecting of a sample from the urethra, the anus, the cervix or the rectum may cause mild discomfort or pain. A minority of women feel slight cramping while the speculum is inside the vagina. Collecting of urine sample usually does not cause discomfort.
Having a sample of fluid collected from the cervix, the urethra, the anus, the eye or the throat causes/is at very little risk. Women may experience a small amount of bleeding from the vagina if a sample
Gonorrhea is an infection with the bacteriaum 'Nisseria gohorrhoea (GC) which causes gonorrheal infections "the second most commonly reported communicable disease" and which are "easily treated with appropriate antibiotics, but drug-resistant strains are on the rise." (Cook County Department of Health, nd)
Chlamydia trachonatis infection is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted disease in the United states, approximately 1.1 million cases of chlamydia were reported to the Center of Disease prevention and Control, and more than half of the case were females age 15- 25 years old (2009). In 2007, women were almost three times more likely to be infected with chlamydia than men, with females ages 15 to 19 and 20 to 24 reporting the highest rates of infection across age and gender groups (Dembo, Childs, Belenko, Schmeidler, & Wareham, 2009). Chlamydia is a STD that a continuing public health problem among young women. One of the main reason why is because the female anatomy differs from their male counter parts. Chlamydia is more than likely
Chlamydia can inflict pain when urinating and affect the reproductive organs (kidshealth, n.d) in both male and female. Chlamydia could lead to a long-term disease in the testicles and infertility in females. (Australian Government, 2013)
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) " gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by a bacterium. Gonorrhea can grow easily in the warm, moist areas of the reproductive tract, including the cervix (opening to the womb), uterus (womb), and fallopian tubes (egg canals) in women, and in the urethra (urine canal) in women and men. The bacterium can also grow in the mouth, throat, eyes, and anus." This disease is often referred to as the clap and has been around for a very long time.
Chlamydia is commonly known to infect the genitals but it can also infect the throat, rectum, and eyes. Chlamydia is one of the most common STD’s and because 50% of people who have chlamydia have no symptoms chlamydia infection usually go untreated.”
The patient in questioned presented with symptoms of painful urination for the past 2 weeks accompanied by lower back pain and fever. The fever didn’t appear until two days ago. The patient, 17 years of age and female stated that she wasn’t sexually active until 2 months ago. The patient file documented that a blood sample was taken and that the patient had an unknown bacterium. Listed below are the tests ran in order to determine the unknown bacterium.
This helps the bacterium stick to cells very easily. The bacteria produce lipopolysaccharide endotoxins. These toxins promote virulence. The lipopolysaccharide of Neisseria meningitides is highly toxic. Another factor that adds to its virility is the antiphagocytic capsule. The pathogens produce IgA proteases this promotes virulence. Many people carry Neisseria meningitides in their upper respiratory tract, but is not part of normal flora. It is only found after sexual contact with an infected person. The bacteria can attach to microvilli of non-ciliated columnar epithelial cells and not ciliated cells. After, this process of attachment by the fallopian tube they are surrounded by the microvilli that draw them to the surface of the mucosal cell. During this process, the membrane retracts and disconnect off a membrane-bound vacuole that contains the bacteria. The vacuole is transported to the base of the cell, where the bacteria are released by exocytosis into the sub-epithelial tissue. Other factors that can contribute to gonorrhoeae can be influenced by the women hormonal changes the cervical mucus may allow passage of organisms and the factor if blood during menstrual uterine which makes this easier into the entry into the fallopian tubes. This is a prime example of how the passage of gonococci can cross over form the uterus and travel to the fallopian tubes, which can cause pain and in other
Turmeric has two very distinct healing traits, the first is prevention by infusing the body’s systems with natural nourishments to thrive and the second it enforces and fights the infection and cause for the heart abnormalities. Curcumin has the ability to reverse progressive heart disease by improving the arterial endothelium or what we know as the inner lining of the blood vessels associated with the heart. It helps to relax these vessels and acts as a blood thinner, so the blood flows easily through the vessels normally, eliminating chest pains, and improving blood pressure, combined with exercise it can be very effective in preventing heart attacks.
The Tragedy of Macbeth by William Shakespeare is the story of the once great Macbeth and his jealousy and pressure induced downfall. Although Macbeth was an established war hero and cruel king, his eventual ruin becomes the theme of the book; and it all could have been avoided were it not for his fragile ego. Due t The idea that men should be masculine and stronger than women is a toxic belief that is just now starting to be combatted. However, when reading Macbeth, it becomes clear this presumption has been around for centuries.
In the republic, Plato believed the theory of forms, or rather the theory of ideas, were the only thing absolute and true because they were unchanging, eternal, and existed in the non-physical world. In contrast to forms were appearences, or opinions, which Plato considered to be imperfect because they were a part of the physical world, which was always changing. Using the allegory of the cave, the disciplines of mathematics, and eternal truths he explained how the non material in our head brings forth justice. In the Allegory of the Cave, Plato describes a cave with prisoners chained and bound so that they can only face a wall, which casted of shadows.
The Chlamydia disease is caused by bacteria called Chlamydia Trachomatis. It is the most common of the STDs. Chlamydia is spread by having vaginal, anal or oral sex with a partner that has been infected. Not only does in affect the vagina, penis and anus it also can get into your eyes and throat. If a pregnant woman has Chlamydia they can pass the disease to the baby during delivery if they have not been treated causing the baby to have an eye infection or pneumonia.
Most People might say “what is Trichomoniasis“? Well until today I didn’t know of this STD either. Trichomoniasis or Trich is a very common sexually transmitted disease also called a STD that is caused by infection with a protozoan parasite called Trichomonas vaginalis. Although symptoms of the disease vary, most women and men who have the parasite cannot tell they are infected.
attacks the urethra in males, the cervix in females, and the throat. The majority of the organisms
Gonorrhea is one of the most common sexually transmitted disease (STD). STDs are infections that are spread and transmitted by sexual contact at the time of vaginal, anal, or oral sex. It can affect both females and males and it is a serious cause of morbidity in sexually active people. Gonorrhea is caused by bacterium know as Neisseria gonorrhoeae (N. gonorrhoeae). N. Gonorrhoeae is a gram negative bacteria that occurs in pairs (diplococci) and they are facultative intracellular organisms. This disease mainly affects the moist areas of the body, for example, the eyes, throat, vagina, anus, urethra, and cervix. In the United States, 350,062 cases of gonorrhea were recorded in the year 2014. The rate of this disease increased by 10.5%
Men can also have similar symptoms by having open ulcer looking sores on their genitals. Women can also pass this disease on their children if not treated before birth. The symptoms both genders can have is fever, headaches, hair loss, genital warts, and sore throat. The third and latent stage of this disease which is no longer contagious by this time. A person may have this infection for up to twenty years and by this point can cause multiple complications throughout the body. A lot of the time it doesn’t make it to this stage , but some of the problems lead to heart and brain damage.