Understanding the Risks Inherent Within a Communicable Disease: Gonorrhea Case Study

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the obligate human pathogen that causes the sexually transmitted disease (STD) gonorrhea. This Gram-negative diplococci/gonococci does not infect other animals or experimental animals and does not survive freely in the environment. The gonococcal infection occurs in the upper or lower tract, pharynx, ophthalmic area, rectum, and bloodstream. During the 1980’s gonorrhea was also referred to as “the clap” when public awareness was quite minimal. This was one of the venereal diseases prostitutes hoped to contract since it resulted in infertility by pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). As documentation, diagnostic testing, and public awareness improved, there has been a decline

that all of the antibiotics are taken as prescribed, and that the infected people refrain from sexual

|A.  Marie should go to the clinic as soon as possible to get herself tested for gonorrhea and treated if she has it. | | |B.  Marie should break up with this guy because he obviously is messing around with other girls just like her last boyfriend did. | | |C.  Marie does not need to worry because girls do not get STIs. | | |D.  Marie does not need to worry because she does not have any symptoms. | | | | | | |25) To effectively prevent infection, one must cleanse hands by:

Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted disease that however, can be transmitted through sharing of sex toys and can also be transmitted "from mother to child during vaginal delivery." (Women's Health Zone, 2011) The work of Brooks (nd) states "People usually report symptoms 2-15 after exposure, although some people show no symptoms at all. Men are more likely to notice symptoms than are women. Males with asymptomatic urethritis are important reservoirs for transmission and are at increased risk for developing complications. If there are symptoms, both male and females usually have white/yellow discharge, dysuria, and irritation or

Chlamydia is a very small microorganism that affects the lining of mucous membranes of the genitals, mouth, anus and rectum. Chlamydia is one of the most common known STD here in the United States, in fact almost 3 million people a year are affected, both men and women. Leaving Chlamydia untreated can cause long term affects and permanent damages. In women it can cause for her to be infertile, and it men can cause his sperm count to be lower and reduce the chances of reproducing. Each year around 100,000 women are infertile from pelvic inflammatory disease. You can attract Chlamydia by having sexual intercourse with someone that has it rather its vaginal, anal or oral sex. There is one way to reduce a sexual transmitted diseases such as Chlamydia, is to have absolutely no sexual intercourse at all.

Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted disease (STD). It is spread through sexual contact. Chlamydia can be in different areas of the body. These areas include the urethra, throat, or rectum. It is important to treat chlamydia as soon as possible. It can damage other organs if left untreated.

Most people have heard of the STD (sexual transmitted disease) chlamydia because it is one of the most common. As stated on Center for Disease Control and Prevention chlamydia is the most common among females, but males can be infected as well. Even the symptoms can go unnoticed, but chlamydia can be cured. Even though it can be cured chlamydia can but cause serious damage to a woman’s reproductive organs.

The lack of difference in the rates of repeat gonorrhea infection by region of birth might be attributable to access of care. In the U.S. Army, all active duty personnel have access to free medical care. In this regard, African-American personnel, who are from the south and are low-income before military service, would then have higher health care access. This may result in rates of repeat gonorrhea infection being similar by region of birth after joining the U.S. Army. Another possibility is that region of birth is a key determinant of gonorrhea incidence, but not for repeat infections, and other behavioral, biological, and socio-cultural factors may influence the risk of repeat infection among women. Newmand and Berman (2008), report

The advanced searched terms used were prevention and sexually transmitted infections. A total of 90 searches appeared and two clinical practices were selected for review.

This STD is a common one in the United States. About one out of every six people aged 14-49 years have genital herpes. Herpes is spread by having oral, vaginal, or anal sex with someone who has it. The fluids found in herpes are what carry the virus. You can also get it from an infected sex partner who doesn’t even

STD’s stand for sexualy transmited diseases and they are very dangerous. Two STDs are gonorrhea and genital warts. Both of these STDs have many similarities. Gonorrhea and genital warts are similar because they both can be contracted the same way which can be through having sex. They can also be prevented the same way which is to practice safe sex, wear condoms, and not to have sex with more than one person. They are also alike because the can be treated in similar ways because they can both be treated by medication. The more both diseases are left on they get worse and worse causing other bad things. That is how both STD’s are similar.

Infection is preventable. Gonorrhea can only spread through bodily fluids. Anyone can prevent infection by using a latex condom when having sexual contact and only having sexual contact with tested partners. While symptoms are painful and unpleasant, if diagnosed early, victims can take antibiotics which stop infection within a week. Gonorrhea is becoming much more antibiotic resistant, limiting treatment options. Even more concerning, many victims are not able to receive a proper diagnosis. Many cases are not treated correctly because they are asymptomatic, and share common symptoms with other STIs and non-sexually transmitted infections, leading to misdiagnosis. Pharyngeal gonorrhea is especially misdiagnosed as it often manifests itself as a sore throat which can be diagnosed as a low-impact infection like strep throat or a virus. Untreated cases develop many complications. Epididymitis can lead to male sterility, and pelvic inflammatory disease can form scar tissue blocking the fallopian tubes, ectopic pregnancy, infertility, and long-term pelvic and abdominal pain. Gonorrhea increases HIV risk, and can also spread throughout the body, becoming skin lesions infecting wrists and ankles. If N. gonorrhea enters the blood or hand and feet joints, it becomes potentially fatal. Pregnant women with gonorrhea are at even greater risk. They can infect their infant in childbirth, which

Following chlamydia, gonorrhea is the second most reported notifiable disease according to the CDC. Gonorrhea is a result of the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhea. Like chlamydia, gonorrhea can affect both men and women. It is one of the major causes of pelvic inflammatory disease in the United states but may also cause infection in the genitals, rectum and throat (CDC, 2017). Gonorrhea can be acquired by engaging in unprotected vaginal, anal, or oral sex with someone who has the disease. While gonorrhea is currently treatable, in the recent year’s gonorrhea has gradually developed resistance to the antibiotic drugs prescribed for treatment (CDC, 2017). Data from 2014

Gonorrhea can be caught through sexual contact and intercourse. Some forms of transmission are vaginal intercourse, anal intercourse, as well as oral intercourse and can sometimes infect the eyes. Not everyone experiences signs and symptoms of gonorrhea, when infected or during the course of infection, therefore making the chances of one knowing you have been infected rather difficult. This can potentially lead to more serious effects such as infertility, pelvic inflammatory

The spread of new STD's has become a pervasive problem that affects a vast number of people. The CDC reports that there are almost