Types Of Enthalpy Changes In Chemical And Chemical Changes

A London dispersion force is the name given to intermolecular forces in a non-polar compound. It greatly depends on the amount of electrons in a molecule. The larger/ heavier molecules have more electrons resulting in a greater attractive London force. This is because as the external force causes a temporary shift, the electrons will move to one side and it will become more negative resulting in a greater attraction. Then it will return to its previous state of the dispersion of

Substance A and B were weighed; Substance A weighed 0.502 g and substance B weighed 0.503 g. Both substances were put into two different test tube with approximately 8 ml of DI water into the test tub. Substance A and B were stirred and B dissolved while A did not. This shows that B is soluble in water compared to A. Thus, shows that B is soluble in water than A. The reason why B is soluble in water is because it has a higher dipole moment than A. With a higher dipole moment, it shows that it is soluble in water since it is polar and the bonds were easily broken.

What is polarity, as described in the text under “Bonding with your paintballs”? (4 points) Polarity is when a substance has both a positive and negative charge. For example, "Water is a polar substance" because of its electronegativity (Rohrig 5). Electronegativity is "the power of an atom in a molecule to attract electrons to itself" (Rohrig 5).

In water, Hydrogen bonding pulls molecules close together by the negative oxygen made by another molecule of water is attracted to a positive hydrogen atom. Thanks to hydrogen bonds, water boils at 212 degrees Fahrenheit instead of -108.4 degrees. Hydrogen bonds are also make up proteins and DNA (wisegeek). Covalent bonds are bonds between two non-metals that share electrons with one another. Covalent bonds occur when they have similar electronegativity (diffen). An Ionic bond is where a metal and a non-metal bond when the metal gives up electrons to complete the outer shell of a non-metal, and then an attracting another with the now polarized atoms (differencebetweenExplain the 7 characteristics of life.In order for something to be considered a living being, they need to follow a set of seven rules. The first is that living things are made of cells, either single celled or multicellular. The next rule says that a living thing must have both molecular and cellular organization on several levels. Multicellular beings must have tissue, organs, and organ systems to be considered an organism. Livings must use energy for maintenance and growth; Energy can come from other

For example, when you rub a balloon against your clothes, then it sticks to the wall. You are also adding a huge amount of electrons to the surface of the balloon. The wall is becomes more positively charged than

Note 1: These are intermolecular forces of attraction so they occur OUTSIDE of the molecules!

The electrons in the molecule are on the oxygen side of the molecule. By doing this it causes a reaction of giving this side a negative charge and the hydrogen side a positive charge. Only other polar molecules can dissolve in water because polar molecules dissolve only in polar solvents and non-polar molecules dissolve only in non-polar solvents .Oil and water don't mix because oil is made up of non-polar molecules while water molecules are polar in nature. Since water molecules are electirically charged they get attracted to other water molecules an extract the oil molecules . This eventually causes the oil molecules ,or lipids to clump together.

Ions form when an atom either gains or loses electrons. When an atom with less than 4 valence electrons it usually loses them through ionization energy. This transforms the atom from a neutral state to a cation thus giving the atom a positive charge. When an atom loses an atom it doesn't just disappear; the electrons are usually transfered to another element. For example lets take a look at Potassium. It only has 1 valence electron so it will loose it through ionization energy and will now have a positive charge.

Covalent bonds are bonds with electron sharing between two atoms. A polar bond is a type of covalent bond in which the electrons forming the bond are unequally distributed causing a net charge on the sharing atoms. When an infrared beam passes through covalent bonds, it causes the bond to vibrate resulting in characteristic absorption peaks. The vibrational movement must also cause a change in dipole moment of the biomolecule. Dipole moment of a molecule can be defined as product of charge on an atom to the length of the polar covalent

As you move from the left of a period to the right of a period, the atomic radius of an atom decreases. This is because as you move to the right of a period on the periodic table, the atomic number increases, and because the atomic number determines the number of protons, the number of protons in the nucleus also increases. This means that the nucleus will continue to become more positive as the atomic number increases. The electrostatic force of attraction states that oppositely charged particles are attracted to each other. This means that the positively charged nucleus will attract the negatively charged electrons. As the nucleus becomes more and more positive, a stronger electrostatic force is created, which attracts electrons towards the

As the size of the negative ion and the charge on the positive ion both increase and the size of the positive ions decrease, the polarisation effect increases. This polar ionic bonding gives many of the atoms covalent characters. Sometimes one of the atoms become so highly polarised that they share the electrons and therefore can create covalent bonds. Covalent bonding takes place where two atoms have a single, unpaired electron in an atomic orbital; these orbitals will therefore overlap so that the two atoms are sharing a pair of electrons. The attraction that holds the atoms together is the force between the electron and the nuclei in each of the atoms.

A molecule that has a different regions or poles that have different charges is known as polar. Polarity occurs because oxygen is more attractive to electrons than many other atoms to include hydrogen. Electrons in a water molecule spend more time near the nucleus of the oxygen atom than it spends near the nuclei of a hydrogen atom, this is called electronegative. When there is a negatively charged electron near the oxygen in water it carries a negative charge. A nonpolar molecule is an atom that carries no partial charge. For example, the carbon-hydrogen bonds share electrons equally, and they are nonpolar.

All the forces involved in interactions between atoms can be traced to the electromagnetic force acting on the electrically charged protons and electrons inside the atoms. This includes the forces we experience in "pushing" or "pulling" ordinary material objects, which come from the intermolecular forces between the individual molecules in our bodies and those in the objects. It also includes all forms of chemical phenomena, which arise from interactions between electron orbitals.

Strings would also give rise to the forces of nature: gravity, strong and weak nuclear forces, and electromagnetism. Atoms contain protons that produce a positive charge, neutrons that produce a neutral charge, and electrons that produce a negative charge. According to the theory, electrons and quarks, which make up protons and neutrons, were produced by minuscule, one-dimensional, randomly behaving, vibrating strings of energy. A property of matter or force of nature would be the result when the strings vibrate and interact with each other.

The direction of the force is also directed along the same line which joins the to charges together. As stated before it can either be an attractive or repuslive force dependant on the charges.