Unit 10 Safeguarding

An individual's risk for HIV or social determinants of health related to HIV is income, education, geographic region, poverty, gender orientation, early childhood experiences, and alcohol or substance abuse. The CDC

* Work prospects; social exclusion, inappropriate social behaviours, poor education, lack of experience and training

All employees have a duty of care to report any concerns of abuse they have. These might include evidence or suspicions of bad practice by colleagues and managers (whistleblowing), or abuse by another service user, staff or their family and friends.

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Some wider factors suggesting a risk of maltreatment could be the use of drugs around the child, which could lead to neglect and abuse. Another indicator of maltreatment

Alcohol consumption amongst the youth is now the new future and the way teenagers tend to live their life. It is apart of the Australian norm and culture however, what drives the younger youth to drink?. Australians accept alcohol as a social drug yet it is responsible for the most related deaths amongst the teenage population. Social aspects such as ones peers, gender, risk taking behaviour and environmental factors all relate back to alcohol. The idea of culture is linked with religion, Indigenous practices coupled with parenting skills also leading to consumption. Finally, an economical approach can be explored when dealing with commercializing beverages, pricing and health expenditures. All these concepts interrelate then become an excuse for one

Self-neglect is a behavioural condition in which an individual neglects to attend to their basic needs, such as personal hygiene, appropriate clothing, feeding, or tending appropriately to any medical Conditions they have.

Abuse can occur in a range of situations and can lead to the exploitation of, or serious harm to, those involved. Particular groups or individuals can be more at risk to abuse or harm to self or others because they are deemed as particularly vulnerable. Factors which can contribute to vulnerability are; role reversal, history of abuse, being dependent upon another individual or due to the lack of support networks available. There are circumstances and risk factors which make an individual at greater risk of abuse such as; mental health needs because they may not understand what is right or wrong, higher dependency because they simply cannot care for themselves, substance misuse because they may not be in the right frame of mind or be more vulnerable because they are desperate to source further drugs, or communication difficulties because they cannot communicate their needs or wishes. Further factors could include;

risk factors for disease and injury, socioeconomic status, access to health care use due to

A person’s inability to ascend a level of needs may cause frustration and succumb to drug abuse as a mean to increase self-worth, thus creating a false sense of accomplishment and lead to further their abusive habit. Drug abuse could result in a collapse of the hierarchy as drug abuse can affect a person at any level.

According to Dr. Christine A. Christle “Risk factors are disabling, cultural, economic, or medical conditions that deny or minimize opportunities and resources for a child and place him or her in jeopardy of failing to become a meaningful member of the home, school, and community.” There are two types of risk factors; internal and external risk factors. Internal risk factors would be risk factors that are within the own individual; such as having concentration problems, anger problem or having a disability. Internal risk factors only involve the one child and they are built from within the child. Now, external risk factors are those that involve the child’s “environment conditions such as family, school, and community”; an example of that is the family living in poverty, living in a bad neighborhood with crime and drugs, attending a bad school or not having any friends.

Substance abuse disorders is easily defined when an “individual continues to use the substance despite experiencing negative consequences from their use. These negative consequences can include health problems; difficulties in their family, work, and social life; and financial and legal problems. They are said to be dependent on the substance when,” in addition to theses negative consequences, they build tolerance and experience withdrawal if they stop using the drug” (Martin, 2007, p. 265). Substance abuse dates back to the early Americans colonies with beer that was brought over by the pilgrims and more popularly the ratification of the Constitution to prohibit the use of alcohol

Many sociological studies fail to provide an accurate picture of substance abuse in a society for a number of reasons. In treatment or survey interviews, substance abusing individuals frequently misrepresent or misreport their frequency of use. Those living in poverty are often more transient in their housing than those of middle and upper classes and may, therefore, be excluded from many types of household surveys. Often, statistical information is gathered from treatment facilities; however facilities do not all report into a national database and a large number of addicts never seek services. One final problem with the validity of studies involving substance abuse and poverty is the isolation, in many studies, of one or more drugs. Many researchers have focused on drugs, such as crack-cocaine or heroin and not marijuana or powder cocaine (Jacobson and Ensminger, 2011). While it is difficult to obtain valid data on the actual rate and incidence of substance abuse in poverty ridden communities, researchers have been able to isolate some negative effects of substance abuse and correlate them to socio-economic status.

children are confirmed each year as victims of child abuse and neglect by state child

V15.89 - other personal risk factors (family history); V62.2 – occupational problems; V61.9 – relational problems related to mental disorders