E1 – Evaluation of research processes used, specific to the research question
E2 – Evaluation of the decisions made in response to opportunities and/or challenges specific to the research processes
The five interviews completed with relevant experts, including two radiologists, an anaesthetist, an ultrasound specialist and a patient with knee osteoarthritis, proved to be an invaluable research process which provided a significant amount of credible and relevant information. The interviewees were highly esteemed in their respective medical fields which provided credibility to their answers. For example, Mr Bird, a senior musculoskeletal ultrasound specialist with over 20 years’ experience, provided valuable and concise insight into the
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Meta analyses, such as ‘Current evidence on risk factors for knee osteoarthritis in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis’, often summarised the data of 50+ clinical trials which meant the time that would have been spent researching multiple articles was more beneficially used in other research processes, ultimately streamlining the research. The complexity of the language and medical concepts in the journal articles often limited the accessibility of the ideas presented. Typically, websites proved to be not very useful as medical concepts were oversimplified. However, certain medical practices’ websites including Pain Spa UK provided valuable inside perspectives on certain procedures, whilst others were useful for obtaining relevant statistics and providing basic preliminary understanding of certain medical information.
My personal contacts with Diagnostic Radiologists presented me with the opportunity to attend a genicular nerve block procedure and administer follow up questionnaires for a medical study in which 26 patients with knee osteoarthritis received genicular nerve blocks. The decision was made to pursue this opportunity extensively and use the information extracted in my research. Attending a procedure gave clarification into the methodology of genicular nerve blocks, ultimately assisting in my judgement of
This report will be about my chosen business Tesco. I will talk about the recruiting and selection process of Tesco. I chose Tesco because Tesco is one of the biggest supermarkets and they exist long time ago and they have been successful. Tesco has more than 250 employees so it is counted as a large business. Tesco was found in 1919 by Jack Cohen. Tesco on his first day made profit £1 from sales £4. Tesco’s brand appeared in 1924. Tesco has also bank, insurance company and petrol stations. Tesco have 476 000 employees so it is large business because is also international business. Tesco is a PLC company which means they are public limited company (they can sell shares to the public) and they have unlimited liabilities.
Quantitative data can be described as measurable factual and accurate data, i.e. sales, volumes and costs. Can be developed with historic records. Quantative data is more objective rather than subjective focusing on key issues.
The first patient I witnessed was a 25 year old female. Pertinent patient medical history is anxiety, depression, and sleep dysfunction. The referring diagnosis is Chondromalacia of the right patella, which is also known as runner’s knee, is a condition where the cartilage on the undersurface of the kneecap deteriorates and softens. The physician who referred the patient, Victor N. Egwu, MD, orders the PT to evaluate and treat three times per week for four weeks. Right knee ROM and strengthening exercises should be done to treat patient. The PT evaluation justification history includes 1-2 person factors examination is addressing three or more elements. The clinical presentation is stable. The clinical decision-making is low co-morbidities.
A bill is a proposal for a new law, or to make amendments to a current law, and this is presented before parliament. A bill can start in the House of Commons or the House of Lords and must be approved in the same manner by both Houses before becoming a law.
The internet is the basis of the digital age we are in. Should internet be free, or should it not be? With the growing need for internet, it is becoming more difficult for poor people and those who have no access to internet whatsoever to keep up, and are falling behind. I think that the internet should be free because not everyone is able to afford it, and some live in places where it doesn’t even exist. By making the internet free, our economy will also benefit off of it.
MODULES ALSO REDUCE THE DUPLICATION OF CODE WITHIN A PROGRAM..THIS BENEFIT OF USING MODULES IS KNOWN AS code reuse BECAUSE YOU ARE WRITING THE CODE TO PERFORM A TASK ONCE AND THEN REUSING IT EACH TIME YOU NEED TO PERFORM A TASK.
In this part of my assignment am going to be developing a coherent marketing mix. I think that the marketing mix should be coherent because for a product to be successful the marketing mix has to be logical, getting all the marketing mix right will determine the success or failure of the product. We decided to design and make a lipstick that will last for as long as wanted, forever even. We decided to call the product “Eva last” because like the name says, it lasts forever. The product has a built in remover at the other end of the lipstick for when you want to remove it and does not come off otherwise. It is hoped that this product will gain a target market from
Osteoarthritis is degenerative joint disease caused by mechanical wear and tear. Damage manifest as breakdown of cartilage, injury of subhondral bone and changes to all articular surfaces. it presents as pain in weight bearing joints that worsen with use. The joints that are mostly affected are the distal interphalanges, knees, hips, toes and spine [1]. Knee osteoarthritis is suspected after a medical history and physical examination is done. During the physical examination the doctor will examine the knee and its series of motion. He will pay close attention to areas that are swollen, tender and painful [2]. There are a variety of diagnostic tests that may help confirm the diagnosis if patient’s knee is affected. There is X-ray that
The patient may also complain of crepitation being heard during movement due to irregularity of the joint surfaces in the knee gliding over one another. Knee osteoarthritis is characterized by structural changes in the knee seen on radiographs involving loss of articular cartilage, joint space loss, and the presence of osteophytes.3 Primary care providers is the ones who primarily manage osteoarthritis with conservative and pharmacological treatments. Conservative treatment consists of exercise, strength training, and weight loss in order to reduce pain and progression of the disease. However, many conservative treatments fail over time and pharmacological treatment is needed to reduce pain in the patient.1 This literature review will look into the knee portal techniques, corticosteroid injections, and hyaluronic acid injections for knee
Togal A, Gulek B, Soker G, et al. ( 2014) : The evaluation of MRI findings in symptomatic knees by means of 0.2 T low field-strength open MR scanning; A research study comprising literature comparison with high field-strength scanners : Merit Research Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences; 2(4) : 84-96.
Diagnostic imaging is an important tool for the differential diagnosis of many musculoskeletal conditions. Physical therapists working in direct access roles are assuming greater diagnostic responsibility. The role of musculoskeletal imaging in physical therapist practice is therefore becoming increasingly important. Availability of diagnostic studies to physical therapists may vary greatly depending upon many factors within the practice setting. US Army physical therapists functioning as direct access providers have long held privileges for ordering imaging studies and laboratory tests considered essential to their diagnostic role.
An article written by Gina Kolata for “The New York Times” discusses Ganobcik experience with the misuse of MRIs. While skiing in Colorado on vacation, Ganobcik twisted his knee in an accident. Although in pain, he continued to ski to make the most of his trip. Once back home in Cleveland, Ohio, Ganobcik, went to see an orthopedic who specializes in sports medicine. Immediately, the doctor ordered an MRI to be taken. The results of the MRI showed a torn anterior cruciate ligament (A.C.L.). Wanting a second opinion, Ganobcik saw another sports medicine orthopedic who agreed that it was an A.C.L. tear and scheduled a surgery to repair the ligament. However, Ganobcik wanted yet another opinion and saw Dr. Freddie H. Fu, the chairman of sports medicine at the University of Pittsburgh. Dr. Fu concluded that the A.C.L. was not in fact torn but the pain Ganobcik was experiencing was due to a bone fracture (Kolata). This example proves how neglecting the evaluation of a patient can result in unneeded and unnecessary
Two authors independently recorded data: principle author, publication year, participant demographics (sample size, age, sex, etc.), survey techniques or methodologies used, relative importance of outcome results, and existing risk of bias assessments.