Unit 7 Ao1

To be an effective leader who can recruit, hire, support their staff, one must have various skills and leadership styles. Having a visionary leadership style

The biological explanation of schizophrenia also claims that the disorder can be inherited. The more common the disorder is among the biological relatives and the closer the degree of genetic relatedness increases the risk of the child developing schizophrenia. Gottesman’s research (1991) found a genetic link with schizophrenia when looking at children and their relatives. The research discovered that children with two schizophrenic parents have a concordance rate of 46% compared to children who just have one schizophrenic parent to children who have a concordance rate of 13% and siblings just 9%. The genetic theory of schizophrenia also suggests that monozygotic twins (twins who a genetically identical) should have a higher concordance rate of schizophrenia than dizygotic twins (twins who are not genetically identical) because they have a closer degree of genetic relatedness.

The risk is even greater for those relatives who are genetically similar to the schizophrenic. This theory poses important debates however. If schizophrenia is caused by simple genetics, identical twins should both be affected by schizophrenia if one twin has been diagnosed. It is rare to find a majority of identical twins affected. Studies have found there to be a weak genetic link to schizophrenia. A recent study of high-risk children found there to be little proof of a genetic link.

Scientist have used genetic similarities to try and determine a pattern people who are affected by schizophrenia, and how likely their relatives are to also develop the disease. The incidence is unusally high amongst twins, with some numbers indicating that twins have a fifty percent to develop schizophrenia if their sibling has already developed it. This number can also be higher between identical twins compared to fraternal twins.

A mental illness is an issue that affects one’s behaviour, emotions, thoughts and ability to interact with others (Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing 2007). Common mental illnesses in Australia include anxiety, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, eating disorders and personality disorders, with the most prevalent being anxiety disorders and depression. Anyone can develop a mental illness, although suffering from a chronic medical illness, experiencing a highly stressful or traumatic event, having a blood relation with a mental disorder or drug and alcohol use can increase one’s risk (Mayo Clinic 2015).

Exposure to certain viruses, malnutrition during fetal development, and severe complications during childbirth can increase the chances of someone developing schizophrenia later in life (Richards 1). Stressful situations and environments during prenatal development may also be linked to this serious illness. According to Dr. Peter Buckley, exposure to infections in the womb such as Rubella and Toxoplasmosis can also increase the chances of someone developing this mental illness. Although a specific cause cannot be determined, neuroanatomical, neurophysiological, and neuroelectrical abnormalities, or problems can be identified in people with this disease (Fentress, Moller 1). This makes is easier for the disease to be diagnosed and treated.

This research is based on the hypothesis that difficulties in the prenatal and neonatal stages of life increase the risk of schizophrenia later in life. These difficulties can be caused by a lack of fetal nutrition in the first and second trimester, viruses, and the physical and mental stress on the mother and fetus during pregnancy and birth.

Mental health issues are a growing factor in our society and it affects the person suffering mentally but also affect those around them. Mental illnesses include depression, anxiety, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, in which every one in five Australians will experience a mental health issue. The impacts of mental illnesses can be categorised as social, emotional and physical.

Mental illness is in every single person in the world, but affects certain people more than others. In example, PTSD, stands for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and is common in soldiers and those who have seen something life threatening. PTSD is where the subject is reminded

Although it is approved that several phenotype of illness originate from multiple factors including genetic susceptibility, environmental factors and biological complications (Crismon et al.,2014).Schizophrenia is disease caused by biopsychosocial effects consisting perinatal, neurochemical, genetic, neuropathy and environmental factors (Freedman,2003 and Wahlberg et al.,2004). Studies explain that development of schizophrenia begins in utero. Obstetric complications such as bleeding, gestational diabetes, abnormal fetal growth and development, preeclampsia, hypoxia and uterine atony lead to schizophrenia in later in life (Brown and Derkits, 2010; Cannon etal., 2000).Prenatal exposure to viral infections such as influenza and poliovirus enhances the risk of schizophrenia (Mednick etal.,1994;Suvisaari etal.,1999 and Brown et al.,2000).All these ecological factors have precise effect on brain development. In later life period different environmental stressors including migrant status, marital status, social isolation residence in urban area, minority ethnicity linked to schizophrenia. The collaborative action of urinary tract infection and positive family history of psychotic disorder in pregnant women increase risk up to 38 to 46% (Clarke et al., 2009).Schizophrenia runs in families. Scientific evidence supports the idea that genetic pre disposition increases the

It is commonly identified that mental illness influences a substantial percentage of the population but all at the same time it is difficult to clarify the precise number. There is a tremendously variety of mental illnesses that is categorize in the mental health conditions. It is very important to understand the mental illness and the treatment that is need for the individual. Mental illnesses are lapses in the thinking process which can be brought on many of circumstances. For example, stress in the work place, marriage and family issues, and personal tragedy are just a few that contribute to mental illness. Many communities are limited to the access to mental health services due to lack of financial, lack of insurance, and public or psychological

Mental illness is a condition that affects people’s behaviors, moods, and thinking. There are many types of mental illnesses like anxiety, depression, dementia, and schizophrenia. 60 million Americans have a mental illness. Mental illness affects one out of four adults and one out of five children. Most mental illnesses can be helped with therapy or medicine, unfortunalty most cannot be cured. Most people with a mental illness do not seek treatment and live with this illness everyday of their lives. One of the more common metal illnesses is bipolar. Mental Health Association (MHA,2015)

In the brief article, Maternal Flu Infection May Lead to Increased Risk of Schizophrenia in Child, Sukel (2010) described a few studies that, through research, suggests the flue may lead to an increased risk of children developing schizophrenia. The article discussed the impacts of environmental factors such as genes, the environment, and family history on the development of schizophrenia. Sukel (2010) also disclosed a recent study performed on Rhesus monkey brains after their mothers had been exposed to influenza.

‘Mental health problems’ or ‘mental illness’, “refers to a vast range of mental health conditions or ‘disorders that affect your mood, thinking and behaviour” (mayo clinic staff, 2015) examples of different mental illness include, depression, anxiety disorders, eating disorders such as Anorexia Nervosa or Bulimia, addictive behaviours such as substance abuse and schizophrenia, or ‘a health condition that can/does changes to

Mental illness is a term used to cover a broad bracket of mental health conditions which affect a person’s mood, thinking and behavior. There is a wide range of mental illnesses starting from mild distress to permanently impairing a person. An example of such disease with a large spectrum is schizophrenia. Many patients face certain symptoms but not all such as hallucinations and social isolation.