Urban Life in Wartime London Paris, and Berlin Introduction The Great War occurred during an extremely destructive period in Western History. The society and culture of all Western nations were undergoing rapid industrialization, urbanization, and secularization. Despite the massive gains in productivity enabled by science and technology, the material quality of life diminished greatly throughout much of this period. When Sir Edward Grey observed that "The lamps are going out all over Europe," he was necessarily referring to the lamps dotting the streets of its great cities. (Hobsbawm, 22). The face of war had changed by the time of the Great War. The environments in which the war was lost and won were distinctly urban. Thesis: Although the quality of life in each city had been dimmed by the War, it was dimmed to a greater extent in Berlin, which did not have the financial resources and international support which saved London and Paris from destitution. Income Although social inequality did not rise dramatically, the effects of social inequality became even more severe during the war period. Disadvantaged groups, such as widows, orphans, and the disabled, were exposed to the cruel reality of a market economy and the crueler reality of the wartime command economy. This they faced without the traditional pre-war municipal and philanthropic means of support, which had been diverted by the war. (540). In Britain and France, real income had risen as a result of the
The entry of the United States into the Second World War dramatically altered the traditional role of the family in American society. First and foremost, the economic conditions, which were dramatically improving because of the war, became suitable for a large number of couples to get married. But the war also changed the interaction between members of the family and traditional parental roles. Housing shortages led to discrimination against some families, juvenile delinquency rose, but the increase in economic resources led to improved health and increased savings. Overall the war affect on the American family was both positive and negative and altered it ways that were unforeseen.
In the history of war there are many different aspects and some similarities. The Great War introduced the “automatic” gun and the idea of trench warfare. The Great War had more casualties by artillery and it was said “No flesh or a bone could live above ground in the battlefield”. Everything was fought across “No man’s Land”. Many advancements led to soldiers hiding behind a wall of dirt in the ground which really changed up the game. Fighting this way seemed more dangerous due to the automatic guns and it was more effective than the U.S. Civil War where everything was fought face to face only a few yards away.
World War I, or “The Great War”, began in 1914 and ended in 1918. The devastation witnessed in those four years alone, caused nearly 9 million people to die and millions more crippled, grief stricken, maimed, or psychologically scarred. Considered by some to be the first man-made catastrophe of the twentieth century, many scholars still debate over the main underlying causes of World War I. Many things contributed to the war, changing the lives of many people, many of them still evident today. Beginning only as a European conflict, gradually it developed into a world war.
World War I was often referred to as "The Great War". It began in 1914 and ended in 1918. America witnessed much devastation in this time period. In these four years alone nearly 9 million people died and millions more were maimed, crippled, grief stricken, or psychologically scarred, World War I is considered by many historians, the first man-made catastrophe of the twentieth century.There are many things that contributed to the war these causes were militarism, alliances, imperialism, and na's attempt to normalcy to be a challenge.
Great War, also known as The First World War, lasted for four year (1914 to 1918). It brought a huge development of war technics and weapons. More number of countries had been involved in the Great War than any previous war. It involved the mobilization of the whole nations, not just an enormous army that turned the war into a “total war”. (Clare 6) However, historians are still arguing about the major cause of the World War I. The major cause will be one of the four long-term causes of WWI, which are Militarism, Alliance, Imperialism, and Nationalism. In my opinion, the two major causes would be Alliance and Nationalism. Alliance is an association between two or more countries for mutual benefits that formed with different treaties, while
WW1 also known as “The Great War” was a brutal war that wreaked havoc upon europe.
The Great War is remembered in history as one of the most gruesome and bloody wars in history. Millions of people died for their countries on foreign fields of battle, all the while in their homelands their fellow citizens suffered the effects of total war. Citizens of the warring nations entered the Great War unprepared and unrealistic. They truly believed that the war would be a way to lift off steam for all countries and that the death count would remain low. They believed that the war would be over in a few months, in time for Christmas. Fueled by nationalism and military exuberance millions of troops marched into battle against their foes and eight million troops lost their lives to the brutality. Total war broke out on both the battle
During the WWII era minority groups experienced some positive and negative economic changes. Before the war, the people in the United States had to experience the Great Depression. This was a time of poverty, starvation, and ultimate hardships. During the war,
The end of World War One saw the dawning of a new age of Australia. It had a great effect on the Australian economy and social structure of the world. The Great War resulted in the death of empires, birth of nations and national boundaries being redrawn around the world. It ushered in prosperity for some countries while it brought economic depression to others. It influenced literature and it changed culture.
As George Washington once said, “My first wish is to see this plague of mankind, war, banished from the earth.” This was true for many families during the American Revolutionary War. They just wanted to all be together. The war was tearing the country apart. Even before the war though, America was a class society.
There were rumors of the Japanese and Germans committing gruesome acts against children.” As a result of the war a collective effort was required to maximize war production, the U.S. enacted rationing on massive proportions. “Food, meat, gas, and shoes were rationed, as well as butter and lard. Families were given a certain amount of food stamps, and this was the only way to obtain food. Gas cards were also distributed and this allowed you buy a certain amount of gas each week. Whatever you could get with them was what you got; you had to wait until the next week to get more rationing stamps.” There were some ill effects of rationing, including the formation of black markets local to their respective communities. “The black market sold cigarettes, butter, sugar, canned goods, and other rationed supplies.”
B. Thesis: The First World War stimulated the greatest changes in warfare because it brought about new technology and industry development, advancement in science, and improved infrastructure and communication; essentially the First World War combined the legacies of the French and Industrial Revolutions and set the pattern for twentieth century warfare. ii. The industrialization in Europe and the new technology escalated the power of the WWI as compared to the other wars fought across the world there before.
After the war, the regions that were involved found themselves being in financial constraint. This is because they had used all their resources in purchasing the war weapons. As a result, the spending by the government of the day during that time exceeded the country’s income. This meant poverty to the country and its citizens. Also, the rate of unemployment among citizens was rampant leading to widespread poverty.
World War I had a more profound effect on society than wars prior. With new deadly weapons, like poison gas, high death tolls, and the first occurrence of total war, shocked the world, tearing people between the modern and the tradition. Traditional society was torn down by the destruction of the war. As with most literary movements, writers reflect the world
The Great War involved most of the adult population either 'head on' or discretely. On average, 6 million men served in Britain's armed forces during the course of the war. Many millions of innocent civilians had their lives affects to the overall changes, both economic and social that the war caused or added to. The impact of the war varied greatly between the different regions of the sommunity. There were many differences and considerations ; these being gender and social class, so it is had to dinstinguish and measure the war's exact impact on people's attitudes, beliefs and values.