Use of Calcium Channel Blockers and Parkinson’s Disease19 The Pasternak et al publication was a Danish study that investigated the correlation between PD and CCB use via a retrospective cohort study using the Danish Civil Registration System, with an Oxford 2b level of evidence. The primary goal of this study was to determine if the incidence rate of PD in new users of DHPs differed significantly from those non-users, when studying the Danish population ≥45 years of age between January 1, 1998 and December 31, 2006. Researchers also hoped to evaluate PD rates among specific DHPs, non-DHP CCBs, as well as rates of dementia and death among patients on CCBs. Patients were excluded from the study if they had used a CCB within 2 years prior to the study, or had pre-existing PD or PD-related dementia at the study onset. Patients use of CCBs was stratified as: use (filling at least two consecutive prescriptions), past use, or 1 time use. PD diagnosis during the study was defined as those individuals who had at least one hospital diagnostic code for PD in addition to receiving at least one prescription for antiparkinson dopaminergic therapy. Raw data was adjusted to account for sex, age, calendar year, and concomitant medication use. Propensity scores were calculated because researchers felt that baseline differences (comorbidities, concurrent medications, hospitalizations, socioeconomics, and geographic location). Logistic regression was used to determine these scores, which
The biggest increase in use for any one substance in the 2000’s has been prescription painkillers. About 21 percent of Dual Diagnosis patients are addicted to prescription opiates like OxyContin, Percocet, Lortab and
Parkinson disease (PD) is one of the most common neurologic disorders. and it affects approximately 1% of individuals older than 60 years old. Parkinson’s disease is a condition that progresses slowly by treatment. In addition, loss of pigmented dopaminergic neurons of the substantianigra pars compacta and the presence of Lewy bodies and Lewyneurites are the two major neuropathologic findings in Parkinson disease (Hauser, 2016).
Using longitudinal Medicare administrative data, we examined the association between medication nonadherence and high inpatient stays and ED visits in a cohort of Medicare super-utilizers with MCC. Additionally, we also evaluated other risk factors including mental illness and opioid medication use associated with high inpatient and ED utilization in this high-risk
First, I will attempt to analyze the scope of this issue. According to a survey by The Commonwealth Fund, many prices have increased to such a point that in 2012 over twenty-one percent of adult Americans who were prescribed a medication skipped filling their prescriptions or skipped doses because of cost. In addition to this, in a study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, researchers found that the prevalence of prescription drug use among people twenty and older had risen to fifty-nine percent in 2012. Using the United States Census Bureau, we can find that the United States population in 2012 yielded
The PC will randomly select 25 participants, aged 65 years and older, who are patients in a primary care setting, who have at least one chronic disease, are Haitian Creole speaking only, and who take more than five medications daily. Those patients will meet monthly and will bring their pill bottles for medication review. Two Haitian Creole speaking pharmacists will be recruited to participate in the program. They will gain access to the participants' electronic health records (EHR) for the duration of the program. During each visit, the pharmacists will inquire about participants' medication use including over the counter medications, reason for taking the medications, the duration of the treatment, the use of different providers, and participant's
Many patients are finding it more difficult to afford their prescription medications. Comparing health care expenditures in the United States, prescription drug costs rank third compared to hospital expenses and physician services (Omojasola, Hernandez, Sansgiry, & Jones, 2012, p. 479). The rising cost of prescription drugs is concerning to many patients. “The high out-of-pocket prescription drug cost is associated with medication non-adherence and adverse health outcomes” Omojasola, et al., 2012, p. 480).
L.C. is a 78-year-old white man with a 4-year history of Parkinson’s disease (PD). He is a retired engineer, is married, and lives with his wife in a small farming community. He has 4 adult children who live close by. He is taking carbidopa-levodopa, pergolide, and amantadine. L.C. reports that overall he is doing “about the same” as he was at his last clinic visit 6 months ago. He reports that his tremor is about the same, his gait is perhaps a little more unsteady, and his fatigue is slightly more noticeable. L.C. is also concerned about increased drooling. The patient and his wife report that he is taking carbidopa-levodopa 25/100 mg (Sinemet), 1 tablet an hour before breakfast and 1 tablet 2
Parkinson’s disease is a very well-known disease. It plagues about five million people worldwide, about a million of those cases are in the United States. A person does not lower their chances of getting Parkinson’s by living in a certain part of the world. It is not more, likely to happen in one location than, another. It has to do with age and genetics (“Demographics of parkinson’s,” 2014). It is a disease of the older generation, around about one percent of people over the age of 60 years old have Parkinson’s disease (Hauser, 2014). As one ages the likelihood of a person developing goes up. About four percent of people over the age of 80 years old develop Parkinson’s disease. The percentage of people who have Parkinson’s that are younger than 40 years old, is less than 10 percent. It is more
This question has many caveats that can determine an answer either way dependent on one’s perspective from either a professional lens or as an information seekers perspective lens, or the average person thinks this could be me maybe I need this? This question is subjective in many ways. As Gregory and Slovic states, for some people the question about prescription drugs rarely arises, however, for to others that face serious health problems this question may arise weekly, or monthly, and the conversation leads to decisions that have weighty effects on the quality and duration of their lives (p.,347). We need to see things form every point of view which makes me believe that it really depends on the patient /consumers point in their lives
The rise in costs of prescription medicines affects all sectors of the health care industry, including private insurers, public programs, and patients. Spending on prescription drugs continues to be an important health care concern, particularly in light of rising pharmaceutical costs, the aging population, and increased use of costly specialty drugs. In recent history, increases in prescription drug costs have outpaced other categories of health care spending, rising rapidly throughout the latter half of the 1990s and early 2000s. (Kaiseredu.org, 2012).
Tissot E, Cornette C, Limat S, et al. Observational study of potential risk factors of medication
Millions of Americans suffer from chronic illnesses. Prescription drugs are the main course of treatment, however they cause over 38 thousand deaths in the United States each
Consequently, IP is a major safety concern and with changing population demographics, it is likely to become even more prevalent in the future. IP can be detected using explicit or implicit prescribing indicators. Theoretically, the routine clinical application of these IP criteria could represent an inexpensive and time efficient method to optimise prescribing practice. However, IP criteria must be sensitive, specific, have good inter-rater reliability and incorporate those medications most commonly associated with ADEs in older people. To be clinically relevant, use of prescribing appropriateness tools must translate into positive patient outcomes, such as reduced rates of ADEs. To accurately measure these outcomes, a reliable method of assessing the relationship between the administration of a drug and an adverse clinical event is required. The Naranjo criteria are the most widely used tool for assessing ADE causality, however, they are often difficult to interpret in the context of older patients. ADE causality criteria that allow for the multiple co-morbidities and prescribed medications in older people are required. Ultimately, the current high prevalence of IP and ADEs is unacceptable. IP screening criteria need to be tested as an intervention to assess their impact on the incidence of ADEs in vulnerable older patients. There is a role for IP screening tools in everyday clinical practice. These should enhance, not replace good clinical judgement, which in turn should be based on sound pharmacogeriatric
Parkinson’s Disease is a very common disorder these days. Over 10 million people live daily with Parkinson worldwide. Parkinson’s Disease was named after an English surgeon James Parkinson who wrote a detailed description essay called Shaking Palsy in 1817. The average age for Parkinson’s Disease is between 45 to 70 years old but you can also have juvenile or young onset as well. Most common symptoms of Parkinson are tremors, bradykinesia or akinesia, or rigidity or stiffness, and balance disorder. Parkinson’s Disease doesn’t have a cure and the cause is unknown it could be a number of things genetics, environmental triggers, age, or gender. Parkinson’s Disease happens because the dopaminergic neuron dies and
Attempts to cure or slow down the progression of Parkinson’s disease have largely failed; researchers in this paper maintain this is obviously a direct result of the lack of insight into the pathogenesis of the disease. Parkinson’s disease is the product of the deaths of a number of dopaminergic (dopamine-secreting) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta region (SNc) of the brain. But what causes these deaths? In the paper “‘Rejuvenation’ protects neurons in mouse models of Parkinson’s disease,” Chen and researchers find that older neurons in the SNc are unusually reliant on calcium channels and that after blocking these channels, the cells are “rejuvenated” and begin acting like their juvenile counterparts; as a