Use Of Ionising And Non Ionising Radiation

Alpha radiation occurs when there are most neutrons in an atom, which causes the atom to turn into an isotope. Alpha radiation is formed due to the atom not being able to sustain the extra neutrons in the nucleus. The atom undergoes radioactive decay, which will emit helium particles (alpha radiation) which consists of two protons and two neutrons in order to stabilize itself.

Furthermore, X-ray of higher energy than required for imaging is used for radiation therapy. The radiation therapy makes use of ionization radiation (and no images) for the treatment of diseases, such as

Gamma: this is a ray of electric radiations this is a part of electromagnetic spectrum. In the high energy and low wave frequency part. When ionising gamma rays pass through gamma because they are weak, travel through space and vacuum.

- Even though the X-ray expose patient to harmful radiation it is used to see inside the human body and diagnose broken bones, gallstones and later tuberculosis.

I. Ordinary X-rays are used to diagnose many conditions and can be used to see a variety of things in the body,

In the nucleus of an atom there are protons and neutrons the number of protons and neutrons depends on the element and ,if it is an isotope of that element. E.g. carbon 12, carbon 12 has six neutrons six protons and 6 electrons . Electrons are located around the nucleus of the atom. Electrons are in shells, the shell closest to the nucleus is 1 , the one after 2 and so on. Each shell can only hold up to a certain number of electrons . the first can hold up to 2 , the second 8 (2+6) the third up to 18 (2+6+10). The general formula for finding out how many electrons a shell can hold is 2n^2. Electrons have a negative charge , while protons have a positive and neutrons have no charge. A atom has the same number of protons and electrons. An ion is formed when an atom loses or gains a electrons .

1895 – X-rays were discovered accidentally by physicist Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen. Rontgen was working on a experiment and testing whether cathode rays could pass through glass. He noticed that a nearby tube emitted fluorescent glow of crystals. The air in the tube was released, high voltage applied, the same tube emitted a fluorescent glow. When Rontgen covered the tube in a heavy black paper, a green light could be seen. He concluded that a new light ray was being broadcast. Rontgen discovered that the light was very powerful and the same ray could pass through human tissue, but not through bones and metal objects. Medical applications were soon to follow. ("History of radiography," )

X-rays are used to guide tubes or cameras through the body. It is used to look at the heart, lungs, and chest walls. They can also be used to rule out any other conditions that might be causing the weaknesses.

X-rays are electromagnetic waves of very short wavelength and high frequency, in the range 0.001nm to 10nm. Due to their high frequency (therefore meaning high energy), x-rays penetrate flesh and may cause ionization of atoms they encounter. The body tissue absorbs energy and the intensity of the beam is reduced when x-rays pass through the body. Denser material, such as bone, absorbs more X-radiation.

Doctors had been using radiation to destroy cancerous cells since the unfolding of X-rays and radium in the 1890s, but both techniques had their own issues. X-ray machines were complicated to make use of, and radium implanted near tumors. In addition, X-rays weren’t strong enough to be entirely effective, and as for both of them, they were quite expensive.

Alpha, beta and gamma come from nuclear of an atom and they called radioactive, because it gives off radiation. These radiations absorb by different thickness of materials such as: Alpha radiation only travel few centimetre in the air, beta radiation travels tens centimetre in the air however gamma travel many meter in the air. If the substance is thicker, the more radiation it will absorbed.

X-rays may be invisible waves found on the electromagnetic spectrum which can almost make their known danger seem of little importance because our five senses cannot measure their activity, however x-rays must not be taken lightly. Radiologic Technologist must keep in mind the dangers and gravity of the force that they are working with on a daily basis. Patients should have the right to their own safety when undergoing a medical procedure that requires the use of x-rays. Radiologic Technologist are the ones responsible for upholding this safety. They can and must do this in variety of ways that include, making sure the patient is knowledgeable about the procedure, using correct collimation to the part under examination, and by shielding the

My Outline Research Paper Alpha radiation, Beta radiation and Gamma radiation. Alpha radiation occurs when an atom undergoes radioactive decay, giving off a particle called an alpha particle consisting of two protons and two neutrons (essentially the nucleus of a helium-4 atom), changing the originating atom to one of an element with an atomic number 2 less and atomic weight 4 less than it started with. Due to their charge and mass, alpha particles interact strongly with matter, and only travel a few centimeters in air. Alpha particles are unable to penetrate the outer layer of dead skin cells, but are capable, if an alpha emitting substance is ingested in food or air, of causing serious cell damage.

Rutherford in 1899 demonstrated that uranium rays were composed of three different rays: alpha, beta, and gamma, with variable penetrating capacities. He later identified beta rays to be high-speed electrons.

During the last few Physics lessons, we learned about the different types of waves in the electromagnetic spectrum. These two main types are electromagnetic waves and sound waves. In this essay I will be explaining what gamma rays are and how they work, as well as how they function to treat brain and skull based cancer tumors through the gamma knife. I will then also be stating some advantages and disadvantages of the Gamma knife, as well as explaining how the science behind this technique interacts with the two factors social and economical. I will lastly be writing a short conclusion reviewing what I