Varicose Veins Research Paper

Ans)- scarring (cirrhosis) of the liver is the most common cause of esophageal varices. The scarring cuts down on blood flowing through the liver. As a result, more blood flows through blood flows through the veins of the esophagus. The extra blood flow causes the veins in the esophagus to balloon outward.

* Esophageal Varices Bleeding: scarring of liver causes blood flow through the liver to decrease. With the decrease in liver blood flow, more blood pumps through veins causing them to balloon outward. The increased amount of blood in the veins results in a vein bursting and leads to bleeding. This condition is secondary to portal hypertension because of the alternate routes the blood takes due to the scarred liver, causing the veins to work harder and accumulate more blood within a certain span of time, not being able to drain in a timely matter.

Usually, accessing vascular structures is done through a needle to puncture the vessel percutaneously, followed by a wire introduced through the needle to secure the vascular access. The needle is then removed and a sheath is advanced over the wire. Vascular sheaths are hollow structures with a built in diaphragm to prevent bleeding. Catheters are then placed into and out of the sheath with a minimal loss of blood.11

Varmint shooting is a lot different from hunting or sport shooting. It requires you to be quick and alert. It also means that you need a good rifle and scope backing you up. If you are looking for the best varmint scope and varmint caliber available, you should read this review.

Varicose veins might show up during the third trimester of pregnancy. Adequate rest and putting up your feet as frequently as possible can help in reducing varicose veins. The condition is largely believed to be genetic. If your mother or grandmother experienced varicose veins during their pregnancies, then you have a higher chance of encountering varicose veins during your pregnancy.

A DVT is a blood clot that can occur anywhere in the body, but these blood clots tend to occur in the deep veins of the legs and thighs. It is critical that these clots are diagnosed and treated promptly to prevent further complications such as a pulmonary embolism, which occurs when a blood clot travels from the lower extremities

Discuss the different types of blood vessels. Include the different layers composing blood vessels (remember to include tissue types) in your discussion.

Varicocele (Veins around testicles in the scrotum): A swelling of the veins that drain the testicles. The most common reversible cause of infertility in men. The exact reason for Varicocele is unknown, one cause may be the abnormal testicular temperature regulation. Varicocele reduces the quality of the sperm.

DVTs usually occur within the deep veins of the lower leg. The DVTs that remain in the lower leg and calf tend to be asymptomatic and do not become clinically significant. A DVT is most likely to present symptoms when the proximal leg veins are involved and also when the DVT obstructs venous outflow resulting in inflammation of the vein wall (Bonner and Johnson, 2014). Warmth, redness, pain and swelling in the affected limb are common symptoms of a DVT. If a patient presents with these symptoms, a physical examination of the whole limb should be undertaken by a nurse or physician to observe for signs suggestive of a DVT. Suggestive symptoms of DVTs include superficial venous dilation, tenderness along the course of the vein, unilateral leg oedema, cyanosis, warmth and erythema (Bonner and Johnson, 2014). On examination of the limb, these are the symptoms that the nurse or physician should be looking out for, however, diagnosis on clinical presentation alone is extremely difficult as these symptoms are not specific to DVT and can be present in numerous other conditions. To improve accuracy when determining the probability of a DVT, nurses are advised to use the two level DVT Wells score. Each clinical feature is accompanied with a score. If a patient presents with a score that is two points or higher, it is likely that a DVT is present and

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a disorder that occurs when a blood clot forms in a vein that is deep inside the body. It is mainly associated with veins in the legs, usually in the lower leg and thigh, but may occur in other parts of the body. About half of the people who have DVT show no symptoms, but people who sit for long periods, are over 60 and smoke are at higher risk, and should be aware of possible signs of a problem.

there is no pumping mechanism to do so); veins have to be able to hold

Varicoceles are thought to induce their noxious effect by elevating scrotal temperature via reflux of warm abdominal blood through incompetent valves of the spermatic veins and there is good evidence to support this theory.( Skandhan& Rajahariprasad , 2007).The elevated intrascrotal temperature results in reductions of testosterone synthesis by Leydig cells and reduced Sertoli cell secretory function.

Varicose veins can be an inherited condition due to weaknesses in the vein wall or valves. Other factors which can bring the condition on include pregnancy and being overweight. Although commonly thought to be a cause of varicose veins, occupations involving long periods of standing do not tend to cause the condition, but can aggravate the symptoms.

Genetics, prolonged standing, using birth control pills and hormonal changes from puberty and pregnancy can all cause spider veins to occur. The small, purple and blue veins are fairly common, occurring in 30 to 60 percent of adults. Though women are more likely to develop them, both men and women are susceptible. Though harmless, many people find the veins embarrassing and unsightly. Fortunately, there are several treatment options available to help treat your spider veins.

When blood is removed from a vein, it is called venipuncture or phlebotomy. Venipuncture should be performed with care. The veins of a patient are the main source of specimens for testing, the entry point of medications, and the site for IVs and blood transfusions. Because there are only a limited number of easily accessible veins in a patient, it is important that everything be done to preserve their good condition and availability. Universal precautions should be observed at all times. Gloves should always be worn when obtaining blood specimens. BEFORE BEGINNING ANY PROCEDURE—ACCURATELY IDENTIFY THE PATIENT ! Follow the proper protocol to identify the patient make positive identification of the patient by checking hospital armband for