Virginia Pine (Pinus virginiana Mill), once called a weed or scrub pine, now has its place alongside trees with commercial importance (Carter and Snow Jr. 1990). Virginia pine is a coniferous tree species native to North America that can be found in seventeen states which extends from southern New Jersey down to Northern Georgia and Northern Alabama (Sullivan 1993). Its range also extends from southern Ohio to South Carolina. Some common ecosystem communities that Virginia pine can be found in includes longleaf (Pinus palustris)-slash pine (Pinus elliottii) communities, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda)-shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata) communities, oak (Quercus spp.)-pine communities, and oak-hickory (Carya spp.) communities.
Life History
The general
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Virginia pine in the southern regions begins to shed pollen and activate female cone receptivity in the middle of March (Carter and Snow Jr. 1990). For the northern regions pollen shedding and female cone receptivity may start as late as May. Virginia pine is driven by wind pollination where fertilization occurs in early June after the cones reach maximum size. Seeds are viable in the year following pollination in late August but are inaccessible till cone maturation in late September to early November. Virginia pine is a prolific seed producer in which the cones open up at maturity and can last for several years (Sullivan 1993). Most seeds are dispersed within 100 feet of the parent tree; however, Virginia pine needs exposed mineral soil in order to have successful establishment. Virginia pine is a shade intolerant species that can also tolerate low soil moisture conditions. It is expected to have a slower growth though on these dry sites. The ability to seed prolifically in areas such as ag fields and/or forest gaps are few of the many reasons why Virginia pine was once called a weedy species. Vegetative reproduction by sprout growth is rare in Virginia pine but can be done. Rooting of cuttings from 7-8 year old saplings have the highest …show more content…
As stated earlier Virginia pine was once considered a weedy species with no economic value. As management, technology, and a greater understanding of the forest ecosystem so did the view point on Virginia pine’s economical uses. Virginia pine is now considered a valuable tree species with many uses such as wildlife habitat, Christmas tree production, wood uses, reclaimed areas, etc. (Carter and Snow Jr. 1990). According to research done on the behavior of woodpeckers in forested stands, such as Virginia pine, it was found that the forest stands contribute to woodpecker habitat and that they need proper management to keep providing habitat in the future (Crawford and Conner 1974). A key feature of Virginia pine is that as the tree ages it is prone to wood softening due to fungal decay (Carter and Snow Jr. 1990). This allows the woodpeckers to create nesting habitat within the trees bole. Another aspect of Virginia pine is that it provides a source of food to many bird species, including woodpeckers. As insects drill into the bark of the tree resin is released trapping the insects allowing the birds to eat right off the tree (Crawford and Conner 1974). Virginia pine is also important for browse by deer and rabbits. A study was in in 1970 to determine the caloric intake of Virginia pine at different times in the season, the trees age, and even position in the stand (Madgwick 1970). It was found that the caloric values increased in new shoots, needles, and cones
Plants are abundant throughout the Pine Barrens. The pine tree is the most typical, especially the pitcher pine. This is a pygmy pine tree only about ten feet. Other trees consist of pin oaks and cedar. Cedar trees and their roots are what make the water a brownish red color. One of the most popular plants is also their main crop. This plant is the blueberry and cranberry bushes. The Pinelands also have rare plants. The pitcher plant, for one is related to the Venus Fly Trap. This amazing plant traps flies by attracting them with a liquid which is like pollen located at the bottom of the pitcher.
Every forest has a story to tell. By looking closely at its habitants, that story can be interpreted. Much of this narrative is written in the trees: their age, their tolerance to shade, and the rate at which they grow are all characteristics that can imply a lot about their environment. Exploring these relationships and how they connect with each other can indicate the health and history of the land. Heiberg Forest, located in northern New York, was once used for agricultural purposes in the 1800-1900’s. (Nowak, Lecture Notes) Much of the land once used for farming was left to regrow back into a young forest. The life history of different tree species can be determined by examining the most common species in Heiberg.
Pine trees have two subgenus, one is the Strobus and the other one is the Pinus. (Earle, Christopher J. "Pinus (pine) Description - The Gymnosperm Database) There are about 114 species of Aspen out there. (Earle, Christopher J. "Pinus (pine) Description - The Gymnosperm Database) The main four types of Pine trees are scotch pine, ponderosa pine, bristlecone pine and black pine. (Lovetoknow Corp. "Pine Trees.") Pine trees are usually taller than 250 feet and have a lot of spiky leaves. (Lovetoknow Corp. "Pine Trees.") These leaves have a long vine then small spiky thin pieces of leaves branch out of the vines. (Lovetoknow Corp. "Pine Trees.") Pine trees barks are a mixture of green and brown and are quite smooth besides the little bumps. (Lovetoknow Corp. "Pine Trees.") Pine trees also have small pine cones which grow on the tree. (Lovetoknow Corp. "Pine Trees.") They are usually brown and face downwards with spikes facing downwards. (Lovetoknow Corp. "Pine Trees.") Pine trees are usually very popular in christmas, because they are easy to plant and not as hard to nurture as other plants. (Lovetoknow Corp. "Pine Trees.") For example the Aspen trees which are very hard to keep alive. Most Pine trees can last from 100 years all the way up to 1000 years, if they are not chopped down for paper by that time that is. (Lovetoknow Corp. "Pine Trees.") Even though these trees last for quite a long time they still have diseases. Some examples are, the canker disease, needle cast, white pine blister rust, root rot and beetle infestation. (Lovetoknow Corp. "Pine Trees.") Most of these disease makes the trees crack in half. (Lovetoknow Corp. "Pine Trees.") To prevent this sort of thing, you should not over fertilize the pine tree and don't constantly water the plant. (Lovetoknow Corp. "Pine Trees.") Aspen trees and Pine trees both grow small cones, which grow on the tree after it matures or while it
The topography of the island is also of note. The west end of the island features a closed-canopy forest with more hardwood trees. The east end of the island is better characterized as a “boreal forest,” a term used to describe regions that are mostly covered by coniferous forests. It is good to note that the balsam fir is found on both ends of the island, but that samples used in the study from the west end of the island were, on average, older, but shorter, than those samples found on the east side of the island.
Describe in your own words what is unique about the Extended Rotation with Commercial Thinning treatment.
The Eastern White Pine is found in Georgia through the mountains and the upper Piedmont. These types of pine trees grow best in moist areas, such as near a river, or in areas that have a lot of hardwood trees as well. They can be recognized by their leaves, which look like needles and grow in bundles of five. The Eastern White Pine is known as one of the largest pines in Georgia. Historically these trees grew to be up to 175 feet tall but now in recent years only grow to about 100 feet in height. This type of pine is also a rapid grower. An Eastern White pine can reach forty feet in about twenty years, which is relatively fast for a tree.
In the town of Coalwood having a dream and an ambition is very important for the younger generation coming up. Most of the males in the town end up working in the mines because that is the only place they can work because they did have their minds set on a dream to get out of the town. After seeing a rocket launched off into space Sonny believed that building rockets could get him out of Coalwood and he would not have to be in the shadow of his brother or follow in his father's footsteps by working at the mines. While building rockets him and his friends Roy Lee and Sherman also start to believe that with rocket building they can get out of Coalwood and get a scholarship to a college. Soon after Sonny meets Quentin who is a so called genius and he starts to help Sonny with his
The ancient forests of the Northeast aren’t the only aspect of the bioregion that’s fate have been at perpetual risk since the early settlement of Europeans. There is no question that forests still dominate the landscape of Northeastern region accounting for “60% of the total land area, and in New England alone, the coverage is 80%”. Still the species that exist within the understory of the forests have undergone an equally dramatic transformation because of human interaction with the land and the harvest of its resources. Some species in the understory of the mixed forests of the Northeast have been driven out of the region, are under intense ecological pressure, are on the brink of extinction, or have already gone extinct in the region. Perhaps one of the most harmful and impactful effects colonization of the Northeast has had on the resources of the land is the introduction of non-native species and diseases into the region. Over time the overall makeup of the forests have changed drastically as an example, “…the American chestnut once made up as much as 25% of the trees in some areas and was economically the most important hardwood in the Eastern forests”. The introduction of chestnut blight at the turn of the century accounts for
This was attributed to the ranges of vegetation type with elevation and slope, with mixed conifer tree species growing at higher elevations with increased tree cover. Similar patterns can be identified with the Rim Fire in the Stanislaus National Forest. The Pinus ponderosa (ponderosa pine) or Calocedrus decurrens (incense cedar) tree species tend to favor higher elevations, slopes between 0 - 45 degrees, and aspects between 0 - 33 degrees from North (Myers).
Proof of volcanic activity related to the break-up of Australia and Antarctica is seen at Bunbury, which is located 150km south of Perth, at the point where the basalt is of early Cretaceous, also on the middle Jurassic Kangaroo Island. However, evidence of Cenozoic eruptions is only seen in Eastern Highland. All through the Cenozoic, hot spot volcanic event transpire (Sutherland et al., 1985). Most of these events follow the Miocene (Stephenson et al., 1980) with recent eruptions close to the southern and northern margin of volcanic zone at southeast of South Australia and north Queensland respectively.
These areas commonly have higher moisture and nutrient content allowing for higher survival rates. Because western hemlock can thrive on numerous seedbeds and that it is difficult to regenerate in outdoor nurseries (bareroot), natural regeneration tends to be the more favorable of the regeneration methods. Containerized seedlings are another form of regeneration and are the more favorable if advanced regeneration is wanted. This is due to higher survival rates than the bare rooted seedlings because of better quality seedlings and less damage to the roots. The initial growth of western hemlock is slow; growing 8 inches in 2 years. However, once established in a favorable seedbed in full light, the average growth rate can jump up to 24 inches or more annually. Western hemlock is considered to be one of the more shade tolerant species. Only a few other species such as Pacific yew (Taxus brevifolia) and Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis) can equal or have a greater tolerance of
Today is the day, I, Matthew Roach, ride Mystic Timbers at Kings Island. I am riding with my father, Steve, and my sister, Abby. Abby and I notice fake security cameras on a television. We recognize the footage on the TVs as Slenderman, which is a horror game. We have been waiting in line for about the past 15 minutes and finally it is our turn. We get in the train and wait for the ride to start. The people monitoring the Mystic Timbers yell “ALL CLEAR” and the ride began. The wooden track was rough and the train was going 60-70 miles per hour. I only had one question, what was in the shed. The train starts to slow down as we approach the shed. As we approach the shed I see it, weapons. All of the sudden, we stop and I wonder, “What happens
Puget prairies are a type of ecosystem that can only be found in small areas in the Puget lowlands as well as in some places in British Columbia. The Puget prairies were created by retreating glaciers thousands of years ago (South Puget Sound Prairies, 2016). The prairies were then maintained by Native American tribes from the surrounding area ("South Puget Sound Prairies," 2016). The Salish tribe systematically burned trees growing into the prairies to maintain the intricate ecosystem, a strategy the prairieland relies on ("The Role of Fire," 2016). Coastal Salish natives lived in the Thurston County prairies long before the arrival of white settlers in 1792. The Salish tribe has since split into the Nisqually, Squaxin, and Chehalis tribes
Mountains region of the major Land Resource Areas as defined by the Natural Resource Conservation Service. This area is defined by its rounded mountains and foothills as well as its mixed forest of northern hardwoods, fir and spruce. High gradient streams flow into swamps and lakes in the steep valleys. These characteristics create a unique ecosystem that provides many services for people and wildlife. Land features in this area are generally fairly steep to very steep with a range in elevation from
In the coniferous forest there is not much diversity of plants. Pine, spruce, and firs are the abundant trees in the forest. Those trees can survive during all of the seasons the coniferous forest experiences, especially the winter's, where a majority of plants and trees in other forests all around the world tend to die off until spring. All the trees in the coniferous forest resemble each other, and provide coverage for the forest floor. A variation of plants is scarce in the coniferous forest.