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Virginia Pine Research Paper

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Virginia Pine (Pinus virginiana Mill), once called a weed or scrub pine, now has its place alongside trees with commercial importance (Carter and Snow Jr. 1990). Virginia pine is a coniferous tree species native to North America that can be found in seventeen states which extends from southern New Jersey down to Northern Georgia and Northern Alabama (Sullivan 1993). Its range also extends from southern Ohio to South Carolina. Some common ecosystem communities that Virginia pine can be found in includes longleaf (Pinus palustris)-slash pine (Pinus elliottii) communities, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda)-shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata) communities, oak (Quercus spp.)-pine communities, and oak-hickory (Carya spp.) communities.
Life History
The general …show more content…

Virginia pine in the southern regions begins to shed pollen and activate female cone receptivity in the middle of March (Carter and Snow Jr. 1990). For the northern regions pollen shedding and female cone receptivity may start as late as May. Virginia pine is driven by wind pollination where fertilization occurs in early June after the cones reach maximum size. Seeds are viable in the year following pollination in late August but are inaccessible till cone maturation in late September to early November. Virginia pine is a prolific seed producer in which the cones open up at maturity and can last for several years (Sullivan 1993). Most seeds are dispersed within 100 feet of the parent tree; however, Virginia pine needs exposed mineral soil in order to have successful establishment. Virginia pine is a shade intolerant species that can also tolerate low soil moisture conditions. It is expected to have a slower growth though on these dry sites. The ability to seed prolifically in areas such as ag fields and/or forest gaps are few of the many reasons why Virginia pine was once called a weedy species. Vegetative reproduction by sprout growth is rare in Virginia pine but can be done. Rooting of cuttings from 7-8 year old saplings have the highest …show more content…

As stated earlier Virginia pine was once considered a weedy species with no economic value. As management, technology, and a greater understanding of the forest ecosystem so did the view point on Virginia pine’s economical uses. Virginia pine is now considered a valuable tree species with many uses such as wildlife habitat, Christmas tree production, wood uses, reclaimed areas, etc. (Carter and Snow Jr. 1990). According to research done on the behavior of woodpeckers in forested stands, such as Virginia pine, it was found that the forest stands contribute to woodpecker habitat and that they need proper management to keep providing habitat in the future (Crawford and Conner 1974). A key feature of Virginia pine is that as the tree ages it is prone to wood softening due to fungal decay (Carter and Snow Jr. 1990). This allows the woodpeckers to create nesting habitat within the trees bole. Another aspect of Virginia pine is that it provides a source of food to many bird species, including woodpeckers. As insects drill into the bark of the tree resin is released trapping the insects allowing the birds to eat right off the tree (Crawford and Conner 1974). Virginia pine is also important for browse by deer and rabbits. A study was in in 1970 to determine the caloric intake of Virginia pine at different times in the season, the trees age, and even position in the stand (Madgwick 1970). It was found that the caloric values increased in new shoots, needles, and cones

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