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EVA – A CATHARTIC CHANGE?!
Prof. Zhaoyang Gu
Course
45-701
By:
Neha Arya
Marc Brands
Anil Konjalwar
Alok Satyawadi
EVA: North American Dermatology Division
We will first calculate the 1999 actual EVA retroactively and if our figure matches Vyaderm’s then we will use that method to calculate EVA for 2000 and 2001.
1999 EVA Calculation:
|In ‘000s |1999 |
|Operating earnings |20,000 |
|add R& D expense |20,000 |
|minus R & D amort. |14,972.8 |
|add ad expense |45 |
|minus ad amort. |41.34 |
|add goodwill |2500 |
|NOPBT
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The systems might actually work if they are set-up sensibly. For a manager who has been consistently meeting/exceeding her targets, the targets could be revised appropriately to keep her challenged. As shown in Exhibit 4, the cap does not need to be a flat line starting from point X, as seen in Figure 1. It could be set to have a gradient (Figure 2) after achieving a certain target.
2. Thresholds encourage short-term decision making Agree o Just like a cap is a limit on the bonus axis, threshold is like a floor (opposite of cap) on the performance axis. Any situation where there is a good chance of not meeting the threshold levels, managers will have a very short-term vision. The natural tendency will be to make decisions that get them above the thresholds for that period and worry about future later. Again, referring to Exhibit 4, Figure 1, a manager at a performance level Z2, trying to meet a threshold (Y) will try to do anything to be at (Y). o For managers who are way below the threshold may just ‘give-up’ and perform even worse. This refers to performance level Z1 in Exhibit 4, Figure 1. If the managers knew before hand that there was no possible way to meet their targets (due to controllable or un-controllable factors like changing market conditions), they would have absolutely no incentive to maximize their performance.
3. Negotiated targets promote sandbagging Agree o
All businesses face constraints. The limiting factors of time, influence, money, and labor play a factor in economic decisions. At some point, a short term working plan is developed from the perspective of “what can we do with what we have currently”? Should we stay the course, or make some adjustments? These decisions are important to the health of the organization. Saturation points become very important considerations. Just like a pitcher of water can sustain only so much sugar in a solution before sugar crystals will fall
• It has potential of improving the individual annual performance goals by meeting their target with possibility of reaching the threshold
Such firms identify this optimized level of output by determining the specific point at which marginal revenue and marginal cost are equal. The value to the firm is that this knowledge tells them when they have maximized their profit making potential. Going past this point will result in a negative return.
FAIRMONT, W.Va. - A suspect in a homicide in Marion County killed himself Wednesday at an apartment in Clarksburg.
He struggles to find a way to cut his costs, improve his production and shipping times, without getting rid of employees. The company faces many constraints, which are described as a limitation or restriction. It becomes seemingly obvious as the story goes on that the goal of the employees was all wrong.
As a manager of my company’s web-design and web-hosting specialist and programmers, I need to satisfy the CEO’s request to improve the team’s performance. In order to accomplish this, I will develop a system of output control systems to assess performance through financial measures, organizational goals, and operating budgets. Furthermore, using financial measures of performance will evaluate performance through profit ratios, which measures how efficiently managers are using the organization’s resources. While generating profits, I will also be calculating the organization’s net income before taxes divided by its total assets, also known as return on investment. After calculating this, I will calculate the difference between the amount of revenue generated and the resources used to produce the product through a process called gross profit margin.
Bob Stetzel, Vice President of Information Technology (IT) at Vermont Teddy Bear (VTB), walked a tranquil path from his car to his Shelburne, Vermont office early one morning in mid-February 2010. The landscape outside his office, and the White Mountains beyond, were blanketed in a coating of fresh snow. Just a few days before, the scene was not tranquil at all; a small army of nearly 2000 temporary employees had descended on the company’s multi-building campus to help process and pack gifts ordered by tens of thousands of customers for delivery to their sweethearts for Valentine’s Day. Bob and his seven person IT organization had worked feverishly behind the scenes, ensuring that the company’s information systems could
Could this approach to earnings management be repeated year after year? PROBLEM 5-5. Variable and Full Costing: Income Effect of Clearing Excess Inventory [LO 1, 2,3,5] The following information is available for Skipper Pools, a manufacturer of above-ground swimming pool kits: 2011 Units produced Units sold Selling price per unit Direct material per unit Direct labor per unit Variable manufacturing overhead per unit Fixed manufacturing overhead per year Fixed selling and administrative expense per year 10,000 9,000 $ 4,000 $800 $ 1,500 $ 300 $2,400,000 $1,500,000 2012 8,000 9,000 $ 4,000 $800 $ 1,500 $ 300 $2,400,000 $1,500,000 Total 18,000 18,000 9,000 9,000 $360,000 $ 100 $ 350 $300,000 2012 8,000 9,000 $360,000 $ 100 $ 350 $300,000 2013 7,000 6,000 $360,000 $ 100 $ 350 $300,000 Total 24,000 24,000
Throughout the entirety of the book, The Goal: A Process of Ongoing Improvement, author Eliyahu M. Goldratt focuses on demonstrating the importance of the Theory of Constraints and what corporations should do in order to increase profits. A major term used throughout the novel is “throughput,” which according to the text, is “the rate at which the system generates money through sales” (Goldratt 60). Once a bottleneck machine in a production process is identified, there are multiple ways to increase throughput without expanding the physical capacity of the machine.
The compensation plan then reflects hurdle rates, which makes managers more sensitive to Marriott’s financial strategy and capital market conditions. Thirdly, Marriott could modify its hurdle rate to change its projected growth. A lower hurdle rate would expand the company faster than a higher one would.
➢ When employees know that customers expect a particular level of performance, they’ll be more cooperative about performing at that level than if a performance standard seems to be based on a manager’s impulse.
4. Differentiation is under loose results control. Managers are given freedom for decision-making at their department, they can decide on design of the products, marketing methods, raw materials, etc. as long as they provide high quality environmental friendly products and quality customer services. However, they have the 3-5% growth limitations that prevent them from behaving “too well”. They are rewarded for the same percentage as employees if the company makes profits.
Hence in the above computation, I had taken an assumption that the data provided on the top line is annual figures.
The third is motivation, which supplies motivation for employees to develop and grow in the job by providing benchmarks during the year. The fourth is accountability, which creates accountability for employees and managers/supervisors. This will help all employees prioritize competing projects or initiatives for each individual or department. Managers conduct initial performance planning discussing with employees and provide direction through coaching sections. After the performance planning discussion, employee’s drafts performance plan for the manager’s review. This planning discussion is followed up by the employee finalizing his or her draft with his or her manager. Overall, managers/supervisors at each level develop specific goals that support department or team goals which in turn support the corporate and function/operational group scorecard metrics.
In that past restaurant I worked at we used the A, B, C system not only for managers but for all staff as well. Everyone thought it was a bad idea at first but after two months they thought it was useful. We had an unbelievable staff after the system was in place. I have worked with A, B, and C managers and it can make the workplace frustrating if you do not have the right people in the right places.