Sidhant Bhatia
Sub Problem 1: What are shockwave devices and how severely must the tissue be damaged for shockwave therapy to work?
Summary:
Shockwave is a short duration acoustic wave that carries energy and can be used as a stimulus to heal damaged tissue. They were first discovered years ago, when shockwaves first started to affect swimmers on a South Pacific beach. Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) is a noninvasive treatment that delivers high or low intensity shockwaves to specific area in the body. ESWT treats injuries to tissues, bones, and tendons. There are many different types of ESWT, such as focal shockwave therapy and unfocused (radial) shockwave therapy. Tissue Regeneration Technologies’s devices are considered unique
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To get a better understanding of shockwave therapy, it is important to have a basic understanding of the four main types of tissues: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues. According to the interview with Robert Warlick, shockwave therapy can treat all types of tissues. Epithelial tissues are found throughout the whole body. They cover internal organs, form the inner lining of body cavities, and lines hollow organs. Functions of epithelial tissues include protection, secretion, absorption, and excretion. One of the distinguishing characteristics of epithelial tissues is that they lack blood vessels. epithelial cells also readily divide, which results in injuries healing as fast as damaged cells. Sub-types of epithelial tissues are classified by their shape and number of layers of cells. Some examples of epithelial tissues include: squamous (flattened cells), cuboidal (cube-shaped cells), and columnar (tall, elongated cells). Connective tissues are also known to be found throughout the entire body. Their function is to bind structures, provide support and protection, fill spaces, store fat, and produce blood cells. A distinguishing characteristic of connective cells is that they are farther apart than epithelial cells with extracellular matrix in between. Connective tissues have many different cell types. Fixed cells, such as fibroblasts and
The function of the connective tissue is to support, bind, cover, protect and give structure to the body.
Regarding Extracorporeal shockwave therapy 1X3 - Left Shoulder, CA MTUS does not specifically address this issue. ACOEM and ODG recommended shockwave therapy for calcifying tendinitis but not for other shoulder disorders. This is a chronic pain patient with a 2014 date of injury. The patient has significant left shoulder pain. However, the latest progress note indicated that psychical exam revealed full ROM and no tenderness to palpation over the shoulder joint. In addition the guidelines do not recommend shockwave therapy for sprain/strains or laceration of the shoulder. Furthermore, the latest progress report discussed about continued shockwave treatment. It is unclear, if shockwave therapy has been provided before. Medical necessity has
• *Describe the 3 main types of cells and the 3 main types of fibers found in connective tissue? Reference Table 5.6.
On October 25, 2006, Dr. Weber conducted an ablation process on Jan Hughes using the HTA. During the process, the hot liquid from the device leaked out and burnt three-inch by two-inch of Hughes’s outer perineal body area and the inside of vaginal introitus. (Hughes, 2011)
Dr. Weber was Hughes treating physician and on October 25, 2006 performed an ablation procedure on her with the use of HTA device. While conducting this procedure, hot liquid leaked from HTA device and caused a three-inch burn on Hughes’s outer perineal body and an area of similar size inside the vaginal introitus. These burns were characterized as second degree burns. Hughes visited Dr. Weber every other day for two weeks, and later once a week for six to eight weeks for treatment.
The matrix of a tissue can be secreted by the connective tissues within the body. The functions of connective tissues are to transport materials around the body to give support to the weak areas to protect and support the body.
2-1: What are the characteristics of epithelial tissue? _Polarity, Specialized contacts, Supported of connective tissue, Avascular but innervated, Regeneration___
Commonalities in the structures and functions of loose connective tissue and simple cuboidal epithelial tissue
The second type of tissue found in the body is connective tissue. They lie beneath the epithelial tissue helping to connect different part of the internal structure, the cells are more widely separated from each other then in epithelial tissue. The intercellular substance known as the matrix is found in considerably large amounts. Within the matrix there are usually fibres which may be a jelly like consistency or dense and rigid depending on the type, function and positioning of the tissue. Theses fibres form a supporting system for cells to attach to. The major functions of connective tissue are to transport materials, give structural support and protection. The types of connective tissue that will be explained are blood, bone, cartilage, bone, areolar tissue and adipose tissue.
External Beam Therapy or (EBT) is a method for externally delivering radiation to a tumor. Beams are directed at a tumor and these high powered X-Rays can deliver radiation to the area of the tumor killing cancer cells but also healthy cells in that area as well. Although with careful planning doctors can spare the surrounding normal tissue keeping the minimal amount of healthy cells from dying around
Christian Kastrup and his team of designed a kind chemical powder keg loaded with blood-clotting drugs. When the keg touches a wound, bubbles of carbon dioxide gas are released. These bubbles are blasted in all directions including into damaged tissue.
In 2007, it is predicted that almost 1.5 million people will be diagnosed with cancer in the United States (Pickle et al., 2007). More than half of these cancer patients will undergo the use of radiation as a means for treating cancer at some point during the course of their disease (Perez and Brady, 1998). Cancer, a disease caused by an uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells, affects millions of people around the world. Radiotherapy is one of the well known various methods used to treat cancer, where high powered rays are aimed directly at the tumor from the outside of the body as external radiation or an instrument is surgically placed inside the body producing a result of internal radiation. Radiation is delivered to the cancerous regions of the body to damage and destroy the cells in that area, terminating the rapid growth and division of the cells. Radiation therapy has been used by medicine as a treatment for cancer from the beginning of the twentieth century, with its earliest beginnings coming from the discovery of x-rays in 1895 by Wilhelm Röntgen. With the advancements in physics and computer programming, radiation had greatly evolved towards the end of the twentieth century and made the radiation treatment more effective. Radiation therapy is a curative treatment approach for cancer because it is successful in killing cancerous tumor cells and stop them from regenerating.
The Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation or TENS is used to help with pain. It is applied using various waveforms and a variety of other electrical stimulation parameters. There are three main types of TENS to choose from. There is conventional TENS, Low Rate TENS, and Burst mode TENS. Conventional TENS is also known as high rate TENS. It uses short duration high frequency pulses at a current amplitude sufficient enough to produce a comfortable sensation without muscle contractions to help with pain.3 High rate can be applied for 24 hours at a time with a rate of 80-100 pps. Also