In spite of impressive recent advances of synthetic drugs, the approach to develop newer drugs from chemical libraries, however, was proven to be less useful in terms of overall success rate. In recent years, there is a renewed interest on natural product research due to the failure of alternative drug discovery methods to convey many lead compounds in the major therapeutic areas such as immunosuppression, metabolic diseases and anti-infectives. Natural products acquire massive structural and chemical diversity which is incomparable by any synthetic libraries. About 40% of the chemical scaffolds observed in natural products are deficient in today’s medicinal chemistry and thus become complementary to synthetically developed molecules. …show more content…
Existing data on A. paniculata also clearly conveys a wide spectrum of pharmacological properties of this plant. Due to its immeasurable pharmacological activities, A. paniculata can be safely considered as one of the modern catholicons. Nevertheless, the reported pharmacological activities of A. paniculata require further validation through the clinical study. Pharmacological activities of A. paniculata were investigated using either crude extracts or isolated bioactive constituents. Although the crude extract manifested significant effects, isolation of the major bioactive constituent, andrographolide and investigation of its pharmacology offer more explicit knowledge particularly about the mechanism of actions. Authentication of the usefulness of other biological activities of andrographolide including anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective activities would fetch a lot of benefits for the largest population of the globe. This work majorly focuses on the medicinal properties and the pharmacological effects of andrographolide (a major active constituent of A. paniculata) including anticancer, anti-bacterial and antiparasite activities. During this investigation, andrographolide has been found to possess the following effects: Anticancer activities This dissertation confirms that apoptosis was induced efficiently by andrographolide in the mutant p53, triple
In the essay “What's Natural about Our Natural Products?”, Sarah Federman claims that although many people believe that the word natural on a food label means that a product is healthier than others, natural doesn't actually mean anything, because is an unregulated word. The author describes how marketers use the word “natural” to bait people in to buying a certain product thinking that is better than another “unnatural” product. She says that the word is most prevalent at the grocery store, and gives examples of different products with the word “natural” on their label. Federman explains the difference between the products that don't have “natural” on the label and the ones that do. She states that, often, the “natural” food products are more
Licorice root is used worldwide as a natural sweetener, as well as a flavoring agent. The main composition of plant Flavonoids and Isoflavonoids act as inhibition platelet aggregation, and anticancer, antioxidant (20). Aly et al.,2005(21) indicate that liqurice have potent anti-inflammatory reduction edema about 78.3 while diclofen about 73.9% also have anti-ulcerogenic activity associated with a reduced acid output and an increased mucin secretion, an increase in prostaglandin E2 release and a decrease in leukotrienes (22). Many volatile oil and vitamins such as B1,B2,B3,B6,C,E, Biotin, Foli acid, Pantothenic acid act as expectorant, laxative, liquiritin act as antitussive (23). Also contain Coumarins Herniarin and umbelliferone (24).moreover plant used for treatment of asthma , chronic fatigue, hormonal disturbance , antiviral, antibacterial , hepatoprotective, anti-oxidant , antiulcer, ant mutagenic, Hypothermic antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, relieve pain , expectorant, hypoglycemia,
During the last decade, St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) has gained popularity as an alternative treatment for depression and a natural remedy for reducing inflammation due to its especial chemical composition(1, 2). H. perforatum is a perennial herb of the Hypericaceae family native to parts of Europe and Asia (middle-east and other parts) and also has spread worldwide, including temperate regions of India, China, Africa, and some parts of the United States and is distinguished by its golden yellow calycles(1) . In addition, when flower buds are crushed, a reddish liquid would be exposed. This reddish liquid contains numerous compounds with biological activity such as phloroglucinols hyperforin, adhyperforin, the naphthodianthrones hypericin and pseudohypericin, the flavonoids hyperoside, quercetin, rutin, quercitrin and isoquercitrin, and the dimeric flavonoids amentoflavone(3). Oily Hypericum preparations have been used for centuries as a medicinal plant to treat burns, wounds, alcoholism, dermatitis, neuralgia and myalgia beside its antidepressant, antiviral, and antibacterial effects(4-7). Nowadays,
We propose to modify the recently discovered natural product terpenoids to develop a selective iNOS inhibitor with improved in vivo properties.
In ancient times, illnesses were treated with plants from the earth. But as modern functional medicine became more developed and widespread, naturalistic remedies were considered useless. So it was fairly easy for the pharmaceutical industry to step in and start
In addition, our results showed a significant decrease in the tumor number in the treated animals. A number of in vitro studies have indicated the NLX, PRP and HSP possess anti-tumor effect in mice(13, 16, 27) which is in accordance with ourfindings in thisresearch.
Investigators use different techniques to discover and discover new ways to fight disease with molecules that do not exist in nature. This involves developing synthetic versions, or analogs, of naturally occurring compounds.
Chinchar, V. G., Bryan, L., Wang, J., Long, S., & Chinchar, G. D. (2003). Induction of apoptosis
Introduction Widely used all over the world, organic compounds, drugs, are constructed through the pharmaceutical method of organic synthesis. The most common drug is acetylsalicylic acid, known commonly as Aspirin. C_7 H_6 O_3 (s)+C_4 H_6 O_3 (aq)→C_9 H_8 O_4 (s)+C_2 H_4 O_2 (aq) In this experiment, Aspirin, along with acetic acid, was a product of the chemical reaction between salicylic acid and acetic anhydride – as shown by the chemical formula above. The product, acetylsalicylic acid, shows three structural features: an aromatic ring, a carboxylic group, and an ester group (as shown by the diagram below)1: Procedure1
Oceanic drug development should further become a priority due to its ability to produce highly effective drugs: both history and lab studies attest to this fact. Compounds derived from ocean microbes and other organisms are often highly effective at treating a wide range of critical conditions, wiping out pathogens with remarkable efficiency. Martinez and Rusch, two researchers from the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies found oceanic drugs are “six times more productive than industry standards.” For a time in which diseases are advancing and patients are dying, effective and potent medicines are critical- oceanic medicines are the key to an impending medical crises. Outdated industry standards are based on terrestrial compounds
News journalists obtained a quote from the research from the Department of Biotechnology, "Because of their chemical diversity, it is no coincidence that these compounds exhibit a wide range of pharmacologically important properties. In addition to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer-related properties, particular attention is being paid to prenylflavonoids that occur almost exclusively in hops and are considered to be some of the most active phytoestrogens known. Hop oils and resins are well known for their sedative and other neuropharmacological properties, but in addition, these compounds exhibit antibacterial and antifungal effects. Recently, alpha bitter acids have been shown to block the development of a number of complex lifestyle diseases that are referred to by the collective name metabolic syndrome.
Benzo(a)pyrene undergoes metabolic activation by the cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase system and is converted to reactive, toxic metabolites that bind covalently to cellular elements such as DNA. Benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide specifically targets the protective p53 gene [21] This gene is a transcription factor that regulates the cell cycle and hence functions as a tumor suppressor. By inducing G (guanine) to T (thymidine) transversions in transversion hotspots within p53, there is a probability that benzo(a)pyrene diol epoxide inactivates the tumor suppression ability in certain cells, leading to
Rosa laevigata Michx is a well-known medicinal plant, and it has been widely used in China for a long time. Previous studies revealed that the total flavonols fraction from the Rosa laevigata Michx has potent antioxidant, hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective and antithrombotic activities through attenuating inflammation, suppression of apoptosis and altering mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways (114). Another study showed that Rosa laevigata Michx significantly ameliorates renal dysfunction in diabetic rats (115). The protection involves increasing the activity of SOD and total anti-oxidant capacity, decreasing the levels of MDA and ROS, and inhibiting the expression of NF-κB p65 and MCP-1 at both the protein and mRNA levels with an increase in the expression of the IκBα protein (115).
There is a movement, mostly advanced in western civilizations by middle class white people, to be greener, more eco-friendly, or more natural. This movement focuses on consumers purchasing products that are conservation minded, not on the reduction of consumerism and production. These products are generally more expensive than their less earth friendly counterparts, and typically have the words ‘all natural’, ‘recycled’, or ‘eco-friendly’ smattered across a label with earth tone colors. But what does it mean to be natural? Is natural better than unnatural or artificial? Are humans a part of, or separate from, nature?
ABSTRACT: Medicinal herbs are the local heritage with global importance. Medicinal herbs have curative properties due to presence of various complex chemical substance of different composition, which are found as secondary plant metabolites in one or more parts of these plants. These plant metabolites according to their composition are grouped as alkaloids, glycosides, corticosteroids, essential oils etc. Euphorbia hirta, (familyEuphorbiaceae) is an herb found in many parts of the