What Is A Vaccination?

To fight of viruses, each of them have a special antibody formed to kill that particular virus. To be able to fight them, we need to have more antibodies, so our body produces antibodies to protect itself.

If the antigens do manage to enter the body, then your immune system will try to detect the virus and abolish it before it begins to spread. 3. If the virus does reproduce and begins to cause problems, your immune system is then responsible for eliminating it.

The immune system depends on the body’s structures to help it function. For instance, the skin acts as the “body’s first line of defense.” If a pathogen finds a breach in the skin barrier, it is the circulatory system that must now signal the immune system of the invader. Shortly after, white blood cells will be notified of the infection and will target and destroy the pathogen.

One defence mechanism of the human body is that when a person gets ill or is infected the person will get a fever, this is a method of notifying the person. This is a bodily defence mechanism produced by the immune system, its main purpose is to make it difficult for the virus to multiply prepare for the virus. The body’s pH level will also change to make it less optimal for the virus. The immune system’s mechanism will change depending on the body’s condition. If the body gets cut the immune system will causes inflammation, this will cause red blood cells to come to the

The body’s protection against viruses, bacteria and other types of invasions is our immune system (Tortora, 2014).

a. This function is mediated by T cells and B cells (memory cells) in our body via adaptive immunity. The adaptive immune system evolved in early vertebrates and allows for a stronger immune response as well as immunological memory, where each pathogen is “remembered” by a signature antigen. The adaptive immune response is antigen-specific and requires the recognition of specific “non-self” antigens during a process called antigen presentation. Antigen specificity allows for the generation of responses that are tailored to specific pathogens or pathogen-infected cells. The ability to mount these tailored responses is maintained in the body by memory cells. Should a pathogen infect the body more than once, these specific memory cells are used to quickly eliminate it. So basically killer T cells will identify antigens present on foreign cells. These antigens are not found in any of the cells inside our body. Therefore, T cells will identify them and kill them.

The vaccinated person 's immune system then learns to recognize the bacteria as a threat and develops defenses against that specific bacteria so when an individual is exposed to the live version of the bacteria, his or her body is prepared to defend itself. (“New Vaccines may be cheaper, work better.”)

Three of the body’s physical and chemical barriers against infection are the skin, the respiratory tract and the immune system. The skin prevents microorganisms from entering the body. The respiratory tract is lined with mucous membranes and cells that sweep out foreign matter, while other particles may be eliminated through a cough. The immune system defends against infection through cells that distinguish foreign cells from the bodies own cells. The immune system is able to eliminate microorganisms from the body.

This enables our bodies to develop the antibodies to fight off the disease without having to get sick first.

The lymphatic system plays an important part in the body’s defense against infection (Rockson, 2016).

The innate immune response is meant to prevent further invasion and replication of the pathogen

Normally the body is protected by the immune system. When the immune system detects an unwelcome visitor such as fungi, bacteria and or viruses

When the pathogen replicates different components of immune system evolves to protect against various types of pathogens. However infection of an organism does not necessarily shows diseases, disease are only present when the bolus of infection, in terms of when immunity is comprised. All components of

Whilst this is occurring, memory B cells figure out the shape of the antigen and remember it. This allows the B cells to produce antibodies much faster if the pathogen reinfects the person. The problem with the human immune system is that it takes approximately three weeks to reach peak antibody concentration and remove all of the pathogens in the body. Many pathogenic diseases (tetanus, polio, meningococcal etc) will kill the individual before the 3rd line of defence has the chance to destroy them. Vaccination involves injecting antigens (in the form of attenuated pathogens or pathogen parts) into the body. This causes the same immune response that would occur if the individual was infected with the actual disease; however, because the pathogens have been weakened (or killed) and had their reproductive ability inhibited, they cannot kill. This means that If the individual is infected by the pathogen in the future, he/she is extremely unlikely to get the disease (RNA based viruses such as Influenza are exempt from this due to their antigenic shift/drift ability). The use of repeated vaccination (eg. vaccination for a particular disease at two, four and six years of age) enhances the immune system even more.

Our immune system is the second most complex system in our body. It is made up of organs, cells and proteins that work together to protect our bodies from harmful bacteria, viruses or other microorganisms that can cause diseases. Usually we don’t notice our immune system defending us against pathogens, but if the pathogen (harmful microorganism) is aggressive or if our body hasn’t ever come into contact with it, we can get sick. The jobs of our immune system are to recognise pathogens, as well as neutralise and remove them from our body. Our immune system also has to fight our own cells if they have changed due to an illness, for example, cancer. (1)