3.2. FT-IR examinations. Fourier transformation infrared spectra of formed composites have many identified bands which are: stretching vibration of O-H bond at about 3430, 1600 cm-1, stretching vibration of CO2 located at about 1410 cm-1, asymmetric stretching vibration at about 1110 cm-1 corresponding to S-O4 stretching mode (ν3) and out-of plane bending mode (ν4) of ettringite [Mollah et al. (1998); Hanna et al. (1995)] asymmetric stretching vibration (T–O–Si) at about 975 cm-1 where T = Si or Al, symmetric stretching vibration of CO2 at about 870 cm-1, symmetric stretching vibration (Si–O–Si) in the region 676-700 cm-1 and bending vibration (Si–O–Si and O–Si–O) in the region of 430-445 cm-1 [Panias et al. (2007); Alexandre et al. …show more content…
(2012)]. The immersion effect at 6 and 12 month using various ratios of EAFS as illustrated in FTIR spectra Figures (5, 6). The patterns of 6 months [Fig. (5)] show an increased in broadness of T-O-Si band at about 975 cm-1 with EAF slag increase up to 50 % in addition to low wave number shift which depicts vitreous component increase. The increased intensity of the Si–O–(Si, Al) asymmetric band in addition to the shift to higher wave number (from 690 to 779 cm-1) with increased contents of EAFS up to 50 % (A3), suggests aluminosilicate framework modification as compared with solely GGBFS based geopolymers as a consequence of cation substitution in the non-framework sites [Bernal, et al. (2012)]. However, a sharp increase in asymmetric stretching vibration at about 1110 cm-1 corresponding to ettringite [Mollah et al. (1998); Hanna et al. (1995)], upon using 75 % EAFS reflecting the decreased content of the amorphous geopolymer resulting from the increased iron content resulting in lower stability against sulfate attack as reflected from ettringite formation, the increased intensity of carbonate bands at 1430 cm-1 (ν C–O ), and 867 cm-1(δ C–O ) with EAFS as a result of the carbonates in the used raw material which inactive under alkaline activation [Bernal, et al. (2012)]. Further increase in the immersion time (12M) led to extra ettringite increase upon using 75 % EAFS. A continuous increase in the main asymmetric band of the
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LABORATORY REPORT (CHE 414L) Department of Chemical Engineering School of Engineering and Architecture Saint Louis University Group No. 12 Members: DEMOT, Judy Ann SOMERA, Randolf P. TIPAYNO, Samantha TORZAR, Precious Imee I. Signatures: ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________
A series of experiments was performed on glass beads and natural clean dry sands under the objective of the current work of performing parametric studies. Therefore, new techniques and methods were utilized to predict the gradation of the natural cohesionless silica sands tested in addition to the conventional geotechnical laboratory experiments, which were carried out to predict the mechanical characteristics of such soils. Moreover, ideal laboratory simulations for the SPT were performed under several particular relative densities, loading conditions, and stress-strain controlled boundaries. Additionally, the obtained results from such series of experiments were stored in digital forms for further processing and analyses.
Have you ever wanted to see in the heat, well now you can with the infrared camera? The infrared camera is a non-contact device that can detect infrared energy and heat. Infrared can also measure the heat radiation by an object. The infrared camera can show us many things like how much heat something has and the object's temperature. The infrared camera is a much-needed device because the light and the heat can bring us special information that our eyes can't see.
A comparison between pure zinc acetate on soda-lime float glass and silica glass at 400°C, Figure 25 shows, that they have the same crystal volume, as the 2 curves, are nearly the same, this can be taken as an evidence, that sodium diffusion from the soda- lime glass into the layer, does not influence the crystal growth, Figure 25.
It possesses finer characteristics required from the material to become appropriate for implant purposes. The calculations discussed below were employed via VIKOR technique for determination of the different characteristics as well as performance of the candidate
The purpose of this experiment was to determine the rotation constant, vibration-rotation interaction constant, moment of inertia, and bond lengths for Acetylene(C2H2) and Deuterated Acetylene(C2D2) synthesized in the lab. Using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), an absorption spectrum for C2H2 and C2D2 was generated and using the peaks and values given by the FTIR, the bond length between C≡C and C-H ultimately determined.
Degree of saturation calculations showed that gypsum precipitated sometime before sample 2 was taken and peaked around the time sample 4 was taken. Although calculated degrees of saturation for halite did not exceed 1, the sudden decrease in sodium and chloride ions in solutions indicate that precipitation most likely occurred, and then exhausted the ions to the point where the solution was no longer saturated. Because the precipitate was not analyzed, whether or not halite did precipitate out is not known. The order of precipitation recorded in the experiment agrees with Usiglio’s original
Anorthosite, which often used in tombstones and kitchen countertops, was formed from specific formation called crystal settling of magmatic differentiation. The earlier-formed minerals of the cooling of magma such as olivine and pyroxene are denser which sink toward the bottom of the magma, and the lighter minerals such as plagioclase feldspar floating to the top of magma during cooling.
Over the last decade, medical imaging has acquired the use of optical methods and devices. Instruments based upon the use of light have been of great interest to account for the significant need of having a noninvasive, safe and continuous way of examining many parameters, and in particular the oxygenation of living tissue. These devices may be used clinically for intensive care patients or routinely by doctors or nurses for general check up purposes. This project involves the research, design, development and testing of such a system and aims to serve as an investigation into the estimation of muscle tissue oxygenation.
For this experiment, unknown sample 3 was given with the atomic mass of 140.003. Several scans were conducted in order to discover the unknown sample. By the analysis of an IR spectra one can determine the chemical functional group of a given sample.Major Functional group gives off different frequencies and intensities that are expressed as wavenumber. For an organic molecule to interact with IR light there needs to be a change in a bond dipole (dipole moment) to occur to see the absorbed frequencies. After obtaining the IR spectra of sample 3, one can observe three sharp and distinctive peaks. At first glance at the IR spectra, due to there very distinctive characteristics one can eliminate the presence of an alcohol which has very board
Item 4: Application for USGS solid methods. A second PT study was analyzed and submitted to WVDEP by Phenova on 07/08/2016. Both studies (R17601 closed 6/17/16 and R17949 closed 7/8/16) show the laboratory obtained acceptable results.
Gypsum is the world’s primary ore of lead; it is mined from a huge number of deposits in many countries. It is an evaporate mineral and is found in sedimentary deposits in layers associated with halite, anhydrite,
The purpose of this lab is to grow geodes on the inside of a cracked eggshell. The lab will show us how the crystals are formed in a much shorter amount of time compared to the thousands of years that it takes to form a real geode. The eggshell will represent the hard mineral shell of a geode and the alum powder will represent the minerals that form the crystals in a geode. The independent variable in this experiment is the eggshell and the dependent variable is the alum powder. During the experiment, our group will add different amounts of alum powder to see if we can develop different results from the growing geodes. We will learn how crystallization and sedimentation work and how they affect the eggshell. We predict that the solution with the most amount of alum powder will produce larger crystals. We will have three different tests, one with a small
Pyrite is distinguished based on its metallic luster and pale brass yellow color, which can tarnish darker. The streak is a greenish black to brownish black color. On Moh’s hardness scale, pyrite is a 6-6.5. The specific gravity is 5.02 and density is 4.8 g/cm3. Pyrite’s cleavage is indistinct and not usually observed, the mineral usually shows conchoidal to