Andrea Gorodezky
Part 1
Module 1
I. Early psychologists
a. Socrates, Plato, Rene Descartes believed that knowledge is something you are born with and that mind is not connected with body
b. Aristotle, Francis Bacon, and John Locke believed in empiricism- knowledge comes from experience
II. After first psychological lab was started in 1679 by Wundt in University of Leipzig, psychology was organized into:
a. Structuralism
i. Introduced by Edward Bradford Titchener ii. Discover structural elements of the mind
1. Make people reflect and express how something made them think/feel
b. Functionalism
i. Explores function of behavioral and mental processes and their affects on a person ii. Introduced by William James
1. Tutored Mary Whiton Calkins
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Humanistic psychologists
a. Led by Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow
b. Focused on how the environment can encourage or limit our growth potential
2. cognitive revolution- explored how we observe, process, and remember info
a. cognitive neuroscience- this study allowed us to understand the brain and ourselves better iv. Today psych is defined as the scientifical study of both mental and behavioral processes
Module 2
I. Nature-nurture issue
a. Debate over what makes up our psychological characteristivs and behaviors: our genes or our experiences
i. Aristotle, Locke believed it came from experience ii. Plato, Descartes believed it is innate iii. Darwin made up the theory of natural selection- most favorable traits in an environment are selected for
II. There are many systems within us that show levels of analysis
a. Different ways to examine a situation
b. Come together as biopsychosocial approach
i. Considers the affects of different factors that can be biological, psychological, and part of our social ii. Different views when answering a question that complement each other
1. Behavioral- what outside factor can cause a certain behavior
2. Biological- how the brain causes emotions to be revealed and how genes and experiences affect our individuality
3. Cognitive- how we process a situation affects our thoughts and emotions
4. Evolutionary- how emotions allowed for persistance of certain genes
5. Psychodynamic- how unconscious thoughts can trigger a certain
In the novel Tangerine Luis Cruz fits the mythological archetype mentor because he is very kind/nice to paul.Luis is also the mentor to paul because he inspires paul to be the best he can be.
Bulldog Grille, in Amityville, serves delectable American bar food as well as globally inspired dishes in its friendly and welcoming eatery. For the ideal start to your meal, enjoy the Thai calamari in a sweet chili glaze and topped with peanuts and the loaded tots with cheddar, bacon and scallions, both great for sharing. Bulldog Grille’s house specialty entrées include the grilled chicken bruschetta with asiago cheese, tomato and balsamic, the mahi mahi fish tacos and the four-cheese mac and cheese topped with a panko crust. Sandwiches, such as the North Fork grilled cheese and the marinated sliced steak sandwich with crispy onions on garlic bread are other guest favorites.
Charles Darwin proposed that the mechanism of evolution is natural selection and that it explains
The nature vs nurture issue has been a controversial argument among psychologist for decades. This argument exposes two different views. One of them emphasizes that our personality depends solely on genetics (nature). On the other hand, the second view suggests that humans “develop through experience” (Myers 2013, SG 6) (nurture).
Darwin’s discovery of natural selection described the complexities of organisms, and the adaptive
It was not until the 17th century Rene Descartes started thinking about if the mind and body are the same or different (Mastin 2008). His famous quote ‘Cognito, ergo sum’which means ‘I think, therefore I am’ which Rene tried to prove if he is real or not (Mastin 2008).
The concept of Psychology originated from philosophy and biology which are two factors used in psychology today (Eysenck 2009). Psychology represents ‘study of the mind’ (Gross 2005). Psychology is a type of science which studies the behaviour of humans and animals, psychology tries to understand why people behave in certain ways taking into consideration their thoughts and feelings (Eysenck 2009). The term psychology was founded from the Greek word, psyche which means mind, soul or spirit combined with the Latin word logos which means’ the study of’ (Gross 2005). Psychology dates back to ancient civilizations who were interested in workings of the the mind and behaviours (Payne and Walker 2003). Wilhelm Wundt opened the first psychological laboratory in 1879 (Glassman 2008). Wundt and his co workers studied the structures that make up the mind, he was the first theorist to use psychology as a self conscious experiment studying perceptions and conscious awareness (Gross 2005).
Parents play many significant roles in their child’s life, including teacher or guidance, playmate, disciplinarian, caregiver, and attachment figure (Benoit, 2004). However, the most important role for parents is as an attachment figure, which can predict the child’s later social and emotional outcome. The first six months, therefore, is the most crucial period for parents and infants to develop this connection. Many people often have mistaken attachment with bonding. Bonding is referring to physical contact, and in this case depended on skin-to-skin contact child during early infant years. This concept of bonding is not the same with the attachment theory, however, providing physical contact when an infant cry until they are calm may help with forming a secure base for a child. According to Diane Benoit, the attachment is where the child uses its caregiver as a secure base from which to explore and, when necessary, as a haven of safety and a source of comfort (Benoit, 2004).
The “new genetics” research in molecular biology, as this month’s invited Presidential Column by Frances Champagne illustrates, has important implications for psychological science (so important, in fact, that it will be the topic for the Presidential Symposium at our upcoming annual APS convention this May in San Francisco). Professor Champagne’s analysis shows how recent findings in epigenetics speak to basic and enduring questions not just within psychology, but in virtually all discussions about human character and individual differences, from philosophical symposia to dinner conversations. How much is nature? How much is nurture? Champagne takes us elegantly and at high speed from that old question toward a new understanding of the “gene
Psychology is a branch of philosophy until the late 1870’s when it was developed in Germany and the United States as an independent scientific punishment. In 1879, Wilhelm Wundt founded the first laboratory and dedicated it to psychological research in Leipzig, Germany. Wilhelm Wundt was also the first person to be referred as a psychologists. Early sponsors to the psychology field are Hermann Ebbinghaus, who is the pioneer in the study of the memory. William James, who is the father of pragmatism. Ivan Pavlolv, who had develop the procedures that is associated with classical conditioning, which is the learning process which an innate responses to a stimulus that comes to be elicited in response to a neutral stimulus. In 1890, Hugo Munsterberg began writing the application of psychology to production, law and other fields. Also in 1890 Lightner Witmer had established the first psychology clinic.
Psychological science paused till Rene 1596 writings. He strongly believed in consciousness concept, saying that is what made the difference between animals and humans. There was an argument that the body affected consciousness. From these great works, philosophies on psychology came into existence. Till then there was no distinct incorporation of science into psychology. Psychology took a considerable length of time to become a discipline of science as required time to
He finally observed that overtime these birds developed different physical characteristics to help them be able to survive and adapt to their surroundings. Darwin developed the “Natural Selection” theory that stated that plants and animals adapt to their surroundings and environments in order to survive. He also stated that older generations of these species would eventually die out, because they do not have the newer characteristics that needed to be developed in order to live.
Psychology is the study of the mind, its biology, and behavior if the individual. The father of psychology, Wilhelm Wundt, used objective measurement and controlled analyzing to find and emphasize separation between psychology and philosophy (McLeod). Wundt opened the Institute for Experimental Psychology at the University of Leipzig in Germany in 1879, using his background in physiology to study reactions and sensations (McLeod). There is no doubt that he, along with the later help of Sigmund Freud, launched what is now modern psychology. Psychology and its research helped the world understand the inner workings of the mind and how it affects everyone around us.
Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution was that everything in the world was connected in some way. He was also known for the theory of natural selection. In that he said that the organisms with the better mutations or adaptations will survive; “only the strong will survive.”
Charles Darwin broached the theory of natural selection in his book the Origin of Species, which has been considered the basis of evolutionary biology to this day. Natural selection is when populations of a species evolve over the course of many generations. Darwin believed that species were not created separately, but instead, species were derived from one another. In other words, the evolution of species creates many variations among creatures, and this is because all of those species came from a common ancestor, and characteristics changed to increase the species chance of survival.