Final Exam
EDSP5100 Introduction to Graduate Studies in Special Education
Linda McChan
Why We Should Abolish Categories of Exceptionality: Why Labels are of Limited Use in Todays’ Schools
A category is a way to classify a group of people who are similar in some way. Categorizing allows us to group for the specific purpose of recognizing, differentiating, and understanding individuals’ similarities and differences. Members of a category have been grouped together because they share the same characteristics. A label is a word or phrase that identifies or describes someone. In education, labels are often used to categorize a group with some form of shared characteristics (University of Illinois, date?).
In education, schools can be categorized as public or private. Sub-categories can include residential schools or day schools. Typically, schools are categorized as high schools, middle schools, and elementary schools. Classrooms in schools can be categorized by subject or grade-level. Classrooms can also be categorized as offering a general education curriculum or a special education curriculum. Ability level is often how students are categorized in schools. Individuals can also be labeled in several ways. In the past when individuals were labeled based on their ability level, it typically took the form of a derogatory label (e.g., imbecile, stupid, retarded) to describe individuals who did not conform to societal norms. The purpose of these labels was to exclude people with
Labelling – is a form of prejudice and discrimination. Can happen on basis of gender, ethnicity etc. People do label others to identify and differ groups of our community.
The United States of America has a long and complicated history of segregation and inequality. Though the country has fought fiercely to redeem itself by eradicating the practice of inequality in many areas, there are still some concerns that remain. These concerns are present in the public education system, and relate to the time-honored practice of educators to group and educate students by their ability level. This paper will discuss how students historically have been classified based on ability tracking and grouping, the legal issues created by this classification, and what the Constitution requires in order to maintain equal protection rights for all citizens.
In the story “I Just Wanna Be Average” the author Mike Rose argues that society very often neglects and doesn’t see the full value and potential of students.
1. A social category of people who share a common culture, language, national background or religion is referred to as a(n) _____. A. minority group B. dominant group C. racial group D. ethnic group
When children are told they are ‘special’ and are praised for everything it does two things: it reduces their aspiration to put in the effort and it reduces their want to be challenged. In the article, “ Are Kids Too Coddled?” by Frank Bruni, published in New York Times on November 23,2013, Bruni argues that today’s kids are living in a world where they are protected from the world’s hardships. Bruni points to how “ [many n kids at all grade levels are Bubble-Wrapped in a culture that praises effort nearly as much as it does accomplishment”(par.23). Not long after the Common Core system was put into place, parents were pulling their kids out of tests because the results upset the kids and they said they were “too hard.” Not only are the parent making sure the kids are protected from feeling bad, the schools are too.Sports teams are making sure everyone gets to be captain and trophies are awarded to everyone who plays. With everyone winning and doing things the “easy way” these kids
Labeling in this manner is a great thing for it helps people, and from that labeled position a person can gain social status in their own group. In 1998 an article written by Patricia A. Adler and Peter Adler stated that “Cliques are, at their base, friendship circles, whose members tend to identify each other as mutually connected” (Pg. 155). Once a person is labeled as something whether it be a jock or a plastic, these people can now seek out others who are labeled similarly, and by doing so new friendships and relationships are born. Labels can introduce a person to a new set of people, which he or she would never have known if they were not labeled. In an article written by Martin Sanchez Jankowski in 1991 a “...hierarchy system is used to label members of a gang...” (Pg. 172). This hierarchy system can play a positive role in the life of a gang member because once you are placed on a level there is no ambiguity about a person's position and status; their responsibilities, liabilities, and expected actions are practically lied out for young gang member.
Everyone has been given a label in their lifetime. They can be said in person, spread throught the school or posted online. But labels have a great impact on others, and can be extremely hurtful. The novel To Kill a Mockingbird has many characters who have been given labels, and the book shows how people are affected by them. The labels that are given to people can affect them in many ways.
Everybody has gone through high school, and was put into one of those groups. Labels in my opinion are important, they give a person a sense of belonging to a group or club. I was considered popular in school, so I conformed to fit in. In order for me to be considered as one of the popular kids, I had to dress up and be one of the funnier ones in the group. While lables can be a good thing, they also can be a curse.
After studying success for a long time, Malcolm Gladwell examined and looked into the lives of outliers. He came to put together his ideas in the non-fiction novel Outliers. Gladwell does a fantastic job of explaining his findings using many stories like Marita 's Bargain, and The Trouble with Geniuses. In Marita’s Bargain, he suggests a shorter summer vacation and Saturday school to strengthen the success of the school year, while in The Trouble with Geniuses, he tells of how practical intelligence can get a person out of legal trouble. All these stories revolve around a major theme. A person, or community 's success is based majorly on the school system and using Gladwell’s studies as knowledge to have in hand, society should strive to make the school systems better for the sake of the growing generations to come.
Labels... what are they? They allow us to know what everything is. That’s a pencil, a paper, a person, black, white. However, there are also hidden labels. These labels hide within the the first labels and are made by us to associate something or someone with a thought. These hidden labels are called stereotypes. Stereotypes are thoughts people have about a certain group or person solely based on that group’s or person’s past. “
Growing up, I defied pigeonholing. I was one of two accelerated students in my grade, a two-to-three sport athlete who started as a sophomore in soccer and basketball, a stagehand for the theater club, part of student council and class president, a member of the math team, and that’s just to start. I hung out with the nerds, the jocks, the theater geeks, but the group I enjoyed my time the most with were kids who my teachers labeled as “troubled.” I defied pigeonholing, but as they say, “You are judged by the company you keep.” But what I came to realize was that, unlike everyone else in high school, these so-called “troubled” kids were usually labeled because of their families’ troubles- not their own.
Labelling is a word which is applied to a person which can be considered to sum that person up. This may result in the person losing their identity and so they may be treated less
People are usually categorized in terms of race and/or ethnicity. Race is a term typically used to classify people according to similar and specific physical characteristics. Ethnicity is a term more broadly used that connects people according to an inherited status such as: a shared ancestry, language, history, religion, cuisine, art, clothing style, and/or physical appearance, etc.
Labeling in primary schools can sometimes be related to class and the background can decide
Sherman Alexie, in the essay, “Superman and Me”, argues that as a minority, he was at a disadvantage in the education system and struggled to find footing. The author supports his argument by illustrating his early childhood life and educational struggles in detail. Alexie’s purpose is to alert teachers of the troubles that minorities go through, so that society inserts equity into the education system.