Wireless Sensor Networks For Energy Conservation

A group of wireless sensor nodes (devices) dynamically constructs a temporary network without the exercise of any pre-existing network infrastructure or centralized administration. The main goal of ad-hoc networking is multihop broadcasting in which packets are transferred from source node to destination node through the intermediate nodes (hops). The main function of multi hop WSN is to enable communication between two terminal devices through a bit of middle nodes, which are transferring information from one level to another level. On the foundation of network connectivity, it dynamically gets to determine that which nodes should get included in routing, each node involved in routing transmit the data to further

The conceptual framework for the deployed system is given bellow. The framework contains one Coordinator which is connected to the control station computer through USB cable, four routers and three sensor devices. Data packets from the sensor device are transmitted to the coordinator via multi-hop routing.

A WSN is a type of wireless networks that consists of collection sensor nodes which are tiny devices. Each sensor node of the network has different processing capability. It may contain multiple types of memory (program, data and flash memories), have a RF transceiver, have a power source (e.g., batteries and solar cells), and accommodate various sensors and actuators. The nodes communicate wirelessly and often self-organize after being deployed in an ad hoc fashion [13, 14]. Optimum need of each sensor node is to maximize its own utility function. Also the whole network requires resource assignments balance to perform in a useful and efficient way. This chapter presents a brief survey on WSNs showing its types, characterizing features, protocols and applications.

Wireless networking or atleast the networks in which we operate normally refers to wireless sensor networks which is an innovative and are within the broad spectrum of whites networks that are specifically designed to measure a small amounts of data and that data is related to sensor data. The little pieces of information like temperature sensors or open/close sensor are extremely valuable information as it provides insights into defense that might happen in their business processes. There are many wireless network, but the question arises is where do these wireless sensor network fit among the different wireless network.

The WSN infrastructures can be designed in a variety of ways to address different priorities and make the appropriate technology trade-offs based on the requirements of the certain application. There are number of interrelated design variables associated with wireless sensor networking.

The impossible measurements in typical ways have currently become attainable using the wireless technology. Wireless sensors are used in most of the in real time applications for collecting physical information. Wireless sensors are spatially distributed autonomous sensors to monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, pressure, etc. and to cooperatively pass their data through the network to a main location. They are self-configured sensors to monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, motion or pollutants and to cooperatively pass their data through the network to a main location or sink where the data can be observed and analyzed. A sink or base station acts like an interface between users and the network. The main objective of this paper is to introduce air pollution detection using internet of things and to report the status of the air quality whenever needed. This system is low

WSN that utilized Zigbee/IEEE802.15.4 is utilized as a weather monitoring network. It sends the information about the weather and generates hazard alarms. Decision tree techniques are used for analysing the data at sensor site. Weather data is checked with a notification measurement (Yawut & Kilaso, 2011).

Multiple autonomous, tiny, low-cost and low-power sensor nodes comprise a wireless sensors network (WSN). The sensors nodes are equipped with various types of sensors such as thermal , acoustic, chemical, pressure, weather and optical sensors which gather information from various nodes and collaborate to forward sensed data to base stations for further processing. WSNs designers have to address common issues related to data aggregation, data reliability,

A wireless sensor network can be composed of a large number of nodes, constituting a

A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a computer network consisting of spatially distributed autonomous devices using sensors to cooperatively monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, motion or pollutants, at different locations.[1] The development of wireless sensor networks was originally motivated by military applications such as battlefield surveillance. However, wireless sensor networks are now used in many civilian application areas, including environment and habitat monitoring, healthcare applications, home automation, and traffic control.[1][2]

Development in Wireless Communication and networking has led to development of many applications like Bluetooth, Near Field Communications and Wireless Sensor Networks. A wireless sensor network is essentially a network of nodes which consist of a power supply, sensors which usually sense the ambient conditions and processors for storing and processing information collected and a transceiver unit which is used to transmit and receive information from other nodes. In addition it might have a GPS system which provides location based services. This Wireless Sensor network is divided into 3 main parts: Bottom nodes, cluster heads and network coordinators. The data collected by a node is transmitted to its cluster head, in turn, the data collected by the cluster head is sent to the network coordinator and data at the network coordinator can be sent to nearby clusters using a router and internet.

Wireless sensor networks are the networks that gather information such as environmental information, which there are numbers of applications of WSN such as healthcare, building monitoring, forest fire, smart home etc. WSN is capable of sensing, processing and communicating independently. However, as most of the sensor nodes are powered by non-rechargeable battery, the limitation of energy supply has considerably reduced the lifetime of the sensor network. Hence, new designs of sensor node network and energy efficient MAC (Media Access Control) and protocols for long term autonomous monitoring wireless sensor network has become the next vision.

A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a network of nodes that sense and control the environment providing interaction between the machines and the surrounding environment. It is formed by large number of sensors nodes where each node is equipped with sensor to detect physical characteristic such as temperature, pressure, weight etc. [2]. WSN is a new revolutionary method which gathers information from sensor nodes providing a reliable and efficient network. With the growing technology of sensors, WSNs will become the key for internet of things. The current focus of sensor network is mainly on networking technology comprising of dynamic environment and the sensor nodes. The new research program of SenseIT provided the sensor networking with new capabilities such

A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is comprised of multiple tiny devices called nodes or motes. These are distributed spatially in an environment to monitor sense and compute data wirelessly. The role of a sensor node is to evaluate different tasks. First, a node has to sense physical conditions and exchange the information with other nodes after computation. Second, it plays the important role of being a relay for different sensor nodes [1],[2],[3],[4]. These nodes can mount anywhere in the environment [2]. With recent advancements in the field of electronics these devices are becoming cheaper and smaller and are being employed in both indoor and outdoor environments. Applications include agricultural monitoring, household and military surveillance, industrial automation and robotics, and healthcare [3]. A sensor node, shown in Figure.1 is a low power device and consists of five different components namely [5], [12]

Abstract— An automated irrigation system is developed to optimize water use for agriculture crops. The system has a distributed wireless sensor node network of soil moisture, temperature sensors and humidity sensor placed in the soil. Energy conservation is a very critical issue in wireless sensor networks. In this paper a TDMA based MAC protocols are used to conserve the energy in wireless sensor networks which is used in an irrigation system. An algorithm is developed with threshold values of moisture level, temperature of the soil and humidity sensor that are programmed into microcontroller based gateway to control irrigation in a field. Also two methods based on TDMA scheduling are used. The first one is direct communication method, in which each node transmitted the data directly to the sink node and other one is data aggregation method in which nodes are grouped into clusters to save energy.