Zno Nps And Silica Based Nannomaterials : The Human Case Study

Study of toxic materials and how they affect the environment, human and animal health and future technology

TCDD is a dioxin that can be produced through diesel exhaust, burning waste, and chemical manufacturing. In recent years, many have argued that exposure to this chemical can cause serious illnesses. Studies on animals have shown that TCDD is one of the most poisonous chemicals out there. The animal testing has been found to be especially toxic to developing babies in the womb. A pregnant rat given a dose of less than one part per billion (which is comparable to a single drop in 14,000 gallons of water) will cause female sexual characteristics in a male embryo. Doses of 100 parts per billion in rodents and fish have been proven to cause birth defects such as cleft palates, malfunctioning kidneys, heart problems, and weak bones (Schmidt). Animal studies have proven that small doses of TCDD can be severely detrimental to one’s

Pregnancy is a very difficult time in a women’s life, everything that is digested, breathed, and felt affects the fetus. Teratogens are factors that cause developmental problems of an embryo. These factors include stress; toxin such as drug and cigarette use, the health and even the age of the mother can have an impact on the development of the fetus. Teratogen can cause birth defect that may lead to life long consequences to the child. I am very passionate about this topic due to the alarming increase of birth defects and abnormalities that have been occurring during my generation. In America one in every thirty-three babies are born with a defect

Teratogens are harmful exposures that a fetus can be exposed to when they cross the protective

When a woman finds out she is going to have a baby, it should be the most exciting times in her life. However, there may be many teratogens that interfere with the pregnancy and may cause future issues for the child. A teratogen “is any agent that can potentially cause a birth defect or negatively alter cognitive and behavioral outcomes” (Stantrock, page 63).

Pregnant mice on gestation day (GD) 01 - 04 exposed to 200 mg/kg of BPA showed fewer implantation sites and mice exposed to 300 mg/kg of BPA eliminated the pregnancy. However, a strain of mice which is more susceptible to stress and implantation failure showed similar effects to the exposure to 100 mg/kg of BPA.

Other people may be more sensitive to chemicals and get sick more rapidly or have more major reactions than others. Certain variables play a role in a person's ability of exposure and severe health effects such as age, gender, genetics, pregnancy or other health conditions. For the fetus, child, and adolescent, the adverse health effects from exposure to chemicals can be much greater than for adults. The factors that affect their ability to catch it, include their stage of development and level of activity in the environment. The fetus is the most susceptible because their developing organs may be permanently

Not every birth in this world is perfect, unfortunately. One out of every 33 babies born in the United States has some form of birth abnormality according to the CDC. Sometimes mutations and birth defects can occur. Of course, no mother would ever want a child with a birth defect. So how do these birth defects and problems occur? Basically anything a mother does to her body will also have a direct effect on the developing fetus inside. Simply put it, a teratogen is defined as “any agent that can potentially cause a birth defect or negatively alter cognitive and behavioral outcomes.” (Santrock, 2013). The effects of teratogens may vary from child to child, but it will always have a dramatic impact on the family in most situations. Birth defects

There are many factors that can interfere with a fetus’s development, causing birth defects or learning disorders. These factors are teratogens, environmental agents that have the potential to disrupt development and cause disabilities in the developing baby (Martorell et al., 2013). Perhaps the most common teratogens are drugs and viruses, and while some of these teratogens may affect some fetuses, others may not be affected as severely (Martorell et al., 2013). However, since the mother does not know the extent of how the teratogen can negatively affect her baby, she should avoid contact with a teratogen.

Reproductive system: If xylene is inhaled by a pregnant woman, it can reach the fetus and contaminate her breast

Understanding the effects of radiation in utero is an important area of research. Expectant mothers may require examinations involving exposure to radiation to diagnose or treat a medical condition (Nguyen & Goodman, 2012). Radiologists are exposed to radiation each day at work, which is particularly concerning when health professionals become pregnant. In utero development involves massive proliferation and organization of new cells. Ionizing radiation pulls electrons away from atoms and can be particularly harmful for humans in utero (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014; “Ionizing Radiation”, n.d.). Studies designed to determine the effects of radiation are crucial to helping mothers protect themselves as well

During recent years, numerous newspaper and magazine articles have suggested that humans may be at risk because small amounts of well known environmental contaminants, such as dioxin, PCBs and DDT, can affect hormone levels. Hormones are produced by the endocrine system as regulators of biological function in target organs. Because hormones play a critical role in early development, toxicological effects on the endocrine system often have an impact on the reproductive system. The term endocrine disruptor is used to describe chemicals that can mimic hormones and may either enhance or counteract their effects. It has been suggested that these hormone changes can, in turn, lead to a variety of health problems

They could potentially cause serious disorders or diseases in the long run. Also what would happen if too many chemicals where given, or too few? The baby may not develop fully or develop with disorders.

Yet, the disturbing fact about it all is that over 90% have never been tested for safety, and the ones that have been researched, have been found to contain harmful elements which lead to birth defects, genetic mutation, and cancer.

Ongoing research: Currently, I am involved in various projects dealing with exposures to particulate mater and more specifically exposure to Engineered Nanomaterials (ENMs): 1) assessment of the potential toxicological implications with in-vitro and in-vivo toxicological studies, and 2) developing