surface water sampling methodology

“The pH of a solution is a measure of the molar concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution and as such is a measure of the acidity or basicity (sic) of the solution. The letters pH stand for power of hydrogen and the numerical value defined as the negative base 10 logarithm of the molar concentration of hydrogen ions.” (PH, 2002). The pH scale is from 0 to 14. When the pH is higher, the hydrogen ions are fewer and the substance considered alkaline. This means when a pH unit increases by one, there is a tenfold change in the hydrogen ion. For example, if a substance has a 7 pH, it has 10 times as many as hydrogen ions available as 8 pH. A lake having a water pH between 6.5 and 8.5 is considered to be neutral. Researchers tested Peckham Park lake water monthly from August 2015 to April 2016 for water pH levels. A water quality PH test strip taken from a jar and dipped into the lake. After a few minutes, the strip will turn a color and this color determines the pH. The jar the strips came in has a chart of the colors on the back which compared to the color on the strip. The lake tested monthly using the PH test strips, which show the pH level, hardness, toxic, etc. using color-change

10. A pH scale describes the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance. 0 to 6.9 indicates an acidic solution, 7.1 to 14 indicates an alkaline solution, and 7 indicates a neutral solution.

For both ponds, the procedures are identical to each other. Submerged the YSI 55 DO Meter about 6 inches into the clear water to take an initial DO measurement at the surface, and did the same thing when it was lowered 2 feet into the water to take initial DO measurement at the bottom. The meter took the DO, % DO Saturation, and temperature at both the surface and the bottom of the pond. Four water samples were taken from the pond and collected in viewing tubes. Used the tube on the left side as a control and in the second tube, the group added Phosver 3 Phosphate Reagent

13. Dip the end of the ph Strip into well A1 to get the ph value and label in Data Table 1.

Acids are a corrosive substance with a pH less than 7. Acidity is caused by a high concentration of hydrogen ions.

Dissolved oxygen is oxygen that is trapped in a fluid, such as water. Since many living organism requires oxygen to survive, it is a necessary component of water systems such as streams, lakes and rivers in order to support aquatic life. The dissolved oxygen is measured in units of parts per million (ppm). Examine the data in Table 4 showing the amount of dissolved oxygen present and the number of fish observed in the body of water the sample was taken from; finally, answer the questions below.

Dissolved oxygen is oxygen that is trapped in a fluid, such as water. Since many living organism requires oxygen to survive, it is a necessary component of water systems such as streams, lakes and rivers in order to support aquatic life. The dissolved oxygen is measured in units of parts per million (ppm). Examine the data in Table 4 showing the amount of dissolved oxygen present and the number of fish observed in the body of water the sample was taken from; finally, answer the questions below.

An acid is a substance which has an excess of H+ ions. Common characteristics of acids include tasting sour and reacting strongly with metals. The acid used in this lab was Hydrochloric Acid (HCl). A base is

Based on the obtained results. We have a sample solution from the Oak Flat Pond (Surface water) had:

Thepercent error was calculated making use of the formula: “Differencebetween experimental and reference value divided by reference valuetimes 100=% error.Results:Lab Room Temperature Degrees ℃.20.9℃.Mass of 1mL of water=water density (g/mL). 0.9928g/mLReference Value (from data table).0.9982Percent error.0.54%Part D: Density of a solid. To determine the density of a solid, lead shot, graduated cylinder and a labwash bottle filled with distilled water were required. An approximate of 40g of lead shot was tarred into a weighing boat and thentransported on the scale and its mass was recorded accurately to 3 decimalplaces. Using a 10 mL graduated cylinder, 5mL of water was measured. The lead shot was poured into the graduated cylinder filled with water andthe volume of the water plus lead was recorded. The volume of the lead shot was calculated by subtracting the original valueof 5mL of water from the volume of water plus shot lead, and then it

pH is also known as a measure of hydrogen ions in a solution. A hydrogen ion is the nucleus of a hydrogen atom being split from its electron. Studying the pH of different types of soil being placed in a control group such as tap water will represent the acidity or alkalinity of the matter. The pH scale begins at 0 and goes all the way up to 14, pH 7 being its neutral point, which isn’t acidic or basic. A neutral point on the acidic scale is in the middle, anything lower than the neutral point (7), is acidic, and anything higher than the neutral point is considered basic or “alkaline”.

After this, the solution was poured into a volumetric flask just about to the 1dm3 line and then it was left there to cool to the same temperature as the room before filling precisely to the 1dm3 line with distilled water. The molar mass of CuSO4.5H20 was 249.5 so that means 249.5g of copper sulphate was needed to dissolve, in order to make a standard solution, into 1dm3of distilled water. Following this, a linear dilution of the CuSO4.5H2O was made in order to be used to make a calibration curve after using the colorimeter to write down the absorbance of each sample. A linear dilution is diluted with distilled water in order for it to make the concentration weaker and weaker. For this investigation, the dilutions made ranged from 0.01 to 0.1 M/l . It was essential to only make up 10cm3

An assessment of the risks to health arising from the use of hazardous substances at work and deciding what precautions are needed,

Water quality signifies to the circumstances of the water, including chemical, physical, and biological characteristics. Some common water quality measurements are temperature, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, and pH. The measurement of heat that is presented in a substance or an object is the temperature which can usually be measured by a thermometer or detected by touch. “Turbidity is a measure of the clarity of the water. As measured, it is a physical property, but a primary cause of turbidity is fine sediment suspended in the water column.”(Pappani, 2017) Turbidity is also usually invisible to the naked eye. The amount of gaseous oxygen (O2) that is dissolved in the water is Dissolved Oxygen. “The concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) is a single, easy-to-measure characteristic of water that correlates with the health of aquatic life in a water body.” (Pappani, 2017) “Conductivity is a measurement used to determine a number of applications related to water quality (Conductivity and Water Quality).” pH stands for potential hydrogen. pH also is a figure expressing the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. pH is usually presented on a scale in the range between 0 and 14 in which 7 is neutral. Lower values are more acid and higher values more alkaline.

The average of total dissolved solids (TDS) is approximately equal to 43,600 mg/L and 43,200