. A. Many bacterial fatty acids contain branches and even rings. What effect would you expect these lipids to have on membrane fluidity compared to their straight-chain counterparts? B. When bacteria growing at 20°C are heated to 30°C, are they more likely to synthesize membrane lipids with (a) saturated or unsaturated fatty acids, and (b) short-chain or long-chain fatty acids? Explain your answers.

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Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.