1. A  toxin that inhibits the establishment of the proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane would cause the following result: ATP synthase would be unable to produce ATP. Substrate-level phosphorylation would be inhibited. Pyruvate would be unable to enter the TCA cycle. NADH would be oxidized. Fermentation could not occur.

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Q: OH NaOH

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Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.