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1. For each of the electron-transport complexes, write the relevant
2. Discuss the energy transformations that occur in converting the free energy of glucose to the free energy of ATP.
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- Indicate whether each of the following electron carriers is in its oxidized form or its reduced form. Fe(III) SP c) NADH Cyt b (Fe+3) d) FADWhich of the following statements are true? Explain. I. ATP synthesis will cease to occur when the electron flow is blocked by cyanide. II. 2,4-DNP allows electron flow to continue in the ETC without the synthesis of ATP. III. -ΔG is the quantity that signifies that the reaction is SPONTANEOUS.1. A) For the schematic of a chloroplast shown in the image attached, match the major input and output molecules of photosynthesis to the letters shown. Molecules: CO2, H2O, O2, sugar A: B: C: D: B) In the image attached, the light reactions are shown to take place in the thylakoid. Where specifically do these reactions take place? C) Where does the Calvin cycle take place?
- 5. a) The cell creates molecules of NADH and FADH2to use in the electron transport chain as they are electron carrier molecules. The electron transfers from these moleculesdrives the movement of what molecule across the mitochondrial membrane?b) What is chemiosmosis?c) How does the cell use chemiosmosis to drive overcome the thermodynamic barrier of bringing phosphates close togehter to create ATP?d) What steps of oxidative phosphorylation are in the cytosol and which are in the mitochondria?e) Cellular respiration can be controlled at the post-translational level. What does this mean, using GLUT as an example? Why is post-translational control of GLUT evolutionarilyadaptive over transcriptional control?f) How does establishment of equillibria of various molecules control metabolic reactions? What are three ways high ATP in the cell control cellular respiration?g) Why are the enzymes controlling the initial steps of various biochemical pathways are targeted by allosteric control?4) a)Fill in the blanks: When oxygen is the final energy carrier in the production of ATP, the process is called _________________. When an inorganic molecule is used to drive theoxidation in a cell to produce ATP, the process is called _______________.b)How is energy transferred to proteins in the process called phosphorylation?c) Fill in the blanks: When a molecule is oxidized it has (more/less) _________ electrons than it did before being oxidized. When a molecule is reducedit has (more/less)_________ electrons than it did before being reduced.d) Is NADH is the oxidized or reduced form of NAD+?1. The equation for photosynthesis can be written as C6H12O6 + 602->6CO₂ + 6H₂O. How many oxygen atoms are present in the products of photosynthesis? A. 6 B. 18 C. 14 D. 12 2. End product of citric acid cycle/Krebs cycle is A. Citric Acid B. Lactic Acid C. Pyruvic Acid D. CO2+H2O 3. End product of glycolysis is A. Acetyl - CoA B. Lactic Acid C. Pyruvic Acid D. CO2+H2O 4. Three of the four answers listed below are compounds in the Krebs reactions. Select the exception. A. Oxaloacetate B. Isocitrate C. Succinyl-CoA D. Pyruvate 5. Picture attached A. Carboxyl B. Sulfhydryl C. Hydroxyl D. Amino
- Show how the reactions of the electron transport chain differ from those in Question 3 when FADH2 is the starting point for electron transport. Show how the reactions that liberate enough energy to drive the phosphorylation of ADP differ from the pathway when NADH is the starting point3. a) List the three steps of aerobic respiration in which a cell takes a molecule of glucose and produces energy, carbon dioxide and water? b) Photosynthesis is broken down into light reaction and dark reactions: What are the products and reactants of the light reactions? What are the products and reactants of the dark reactions?Plants convert carbon dioxide and water to glucose 1C6H12O62 and oxygen in the process of photosynthesis. Write a balanced equation for this reaction, and determine how many moles of CO2 are required to produce 15.0 mol of glucose.
- 1) If we put a photosynthetic organism in a closed, sealed environment and shine a light on it, we observe that the CO2 and O2 levels in the container reach constant levels. a) Explain why this would occur. b) What factor/value would you expect to be the primary determinant of this value?4. Draw a reaction showing the reduction of coenzyme Q101. A cell in an active catabolic steady state state needs to maintain A. a high cytosolic (ATP/ADP) and a high cytosolic (NADH/NAD+) ratio. B. a high cytosolic (ATP/ADP) and a low cytosolic (NADH/NAD+) ratio. C. a low cytosolic (ATP/ADP) and a low cytosolic (NADH/NAD+) ratio. D. a low cytosolic (ATP/ADP) and a high cytosolic (NADH/NAD+) ratio.