Which of the following statements are true? Explain. I. ATP synthesis will cease to occur when the electron flow is blocked by cyanide. II. 2,4-DNP allows electron flow to continue in the ETC without the synthesis of ATP. III. -ΔG is the quantity that signifies that the reaction is SPONTANEOUS.
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Which of the following statements are true? Explain.
I. ATP synthesis will cease to occur when the electron flow is blocked by cyanide.
II. 2,4-DNP allows electron flow to continue in the ETC without the synthesis of ATP.
III. -ΔG is the quantity that signifies that the reaction is SPONTANEOUS.
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- Based on your knowledge of the structure of NAD+ and an assumption that coenzyme dissociation is the rate limiting step of the alcohol dehydrogenase mechanism, hypothesize why a N249W mutation at the coenzyme binding site would increase the rate of catalysis.Most biochemists agree that the most accurate number of H+ needed to generate one ASP is blank. Therefore one NADH generated about blank ATP molecules?Compound X is an inhibitor in respiratory electron transfer. It binds to the Fe3+ of Complex IV preventing oxygen binding. (a) Suggest an example of compound X. (b) How would compound X affect the NADH / NAD+ ratio? Explain briefly. (d) Given: Complexes II, III and IV, cytochrome c, Q, succinate and compound X Draft the ELECTRON FLOW and determine the FINAL ELECTRON ACCEPTOR with explanation under AEROBIC condition.
- Which of the following statements about oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions is correct? A) The molecule that is oxidized loses electrons and is the oxidizing agent. B) The molecule that is reduced gains electrons and is the oxidizing agent. C) The molecule that is oxidized gains electrons and is the reducing agent.Shown below are reduction potentials for four half-reactions. Which of the coupled reactions is favorable? (Note that for Cytochrome c you must multiply the reduction potential by 2 for each coupled reaction because only one electron is involved) a) 2 Cytochrome c (Fe3+) + H2O ó 2 Cytochrome c (Fe2+) + O2 b) NADH + Succinate- ó NAD+ + Fumarate- c) Fumarate- + H2O ó Succinate- + O2 d) All of the aboveIt is estimated that each electron pair donated by NADH leads to the synthesis of approximately three ATP molecules, whereas each electron pair donated by FADH2 leads to the synthesis of approximately two ATP molecules. What is the underlying reason for the difference in yield for electrons donated by FADH2 versus NADH?
- Write the carbon dioxide forming reaction that transpires during the Krebs cycle. There are 3 RCO2H groups in the starting material in this reaction, explain why only one forms carbon dioxideDefine the following terms: a. electron transport chain b. oxidation-reduction reactions c. conjugate redox pair d. reduction potential e. standard reduction potentialName and briefly describe the major electron carriers found in cells. Why is NADH a good electron donor? Why is ferredoxin an even better electron donor?
- Indicate whether each of the following electron carriers is in its oxidized form or its reduced form. Fe(III) SP c) NADH Cyt b (Fe+3) d) FADThe complex chemical reactions that occur in living organisms can sometimes be summarized with chemical equations. The overall process of photosynthesis and aerobic respiration can both be summarized in this way. For the following equations, first determine whether each is summarizing photosynthesis or aerobic respiration, and then click on each of the boxes below the equations and correctly label all of the reactants and products. The following equation summarizes the reactants and products of A. aerobic respiration B. PhotosynthesisWhich of the following statements are true?For each, explain why or why not.(a) All coenzymes are electron-transfer agents.(b) Coenzymes do not contain phosphorus or sulfur.(c) Generating ATP is a way of storing energy.