1.) How much work is done by 1.00 mole of an ideal gas that undergoes the isothermal expansion depicted in the figure? (kN/m²) 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100- P 1 2 3 45 6 7 V (m³) (a) 1.75 MJ (b) -1.75 MJ (c) 3.50 MJ (d) -3.50 MJ (e) Need more information 2.) An ideal gas is compressed in a perfectly insulated and air tight chamber using a perfectly insulated piston. This process is (a) Adiabatic (b) Isochoric (c) Isothermal (d) Isobaric (e) None of these

1.) How much work is done by 1.00 mole of an ideal gas that undergoes the isothermal expansion depicted in the figure? (kN/m²) 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100- P 1 2 3 45 6 7 V (m³) (a) 1.75 MJ (b) -1.75 MJ (c) 3.50 MJ (d) -3.50 MJ (e) Need more information 2.) An ideal gas is compressed in a perfectly insulated and air tight chamber using a perfectly insulated piston. This process is (a) Adiabatic (b) Isochoric (c) Isothermal (d) Isobaric (e) None of these

Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology Update (No access codes included)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781305116399

Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett

Publisher:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett

Chapter22: Heat Engines, Entropy, And The Second Law Of Thermodynamics

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 22.81CP: A 1.00-mol sample of an ideal gas ( = 1.40) is carried through the Carnot cycle described in Figure...

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The excess internal energy of metabolism is exhausted through a variety of channels, such as through radiation and evaporation of perspiration. Consider another pathway for energy loss: moisture in exhaled breath. Suppose you breathe out 22.0 breaths per minute, each with a volume of 0.600 L. Suppose also that you inhale dry air and exhale air at 37C containing water vapor with a vapor pressure of 3.20 kPa. The vapor comes from the evaporation of liquid water in your body. Model the water vapor as an ideal gas. Assume its latent heat of evaporation at 37C is the same as its heat of vaporization at 100.C. Calculate the rate at which you lose energy by exhaling humid air.
Argon enters a turbine at a rate of 80.0 kg/min, a temperature of 800C, and a pressure of 1.50 MPa. It expands adiabatic ally as it pushes on the turbine blades and exits at pressure 300 kPa. (a) Calculate its temperature at exit. (b) Calculate the (maximum) power output of the turning turbine, (c) The turbine is one component of a model closed-cycle gas turbine engine. Calculate the maximum efficiency of the engine.
A 1.00-mol sample of an ideal gas ( = 1.40) is carried through the Carnot cycle described in Figure 22.11. At point A, the pressure is 25.0 atm and the temperature is 600 K. At point C, the pressure is 1.00 atm and the temperature is 400 K. (a) Determine the pressures and volumes at points A, B, C, and D. (b) Calculate the net work done per cycle.
A gun is a heat engine. In particular, it is an internal combustion piston engine that does not operate in a cycle, but comes apart during its adiabatic expansion process. A certain gun consists of 1.80 kg of iron. It fires one 2.40-g bullet at 320 m/s with an energy efficiency of 1.10%. Assume the body of the gun absorbs all the energy exhaustthe other 98.9%and increases uniformly in temperature for a short time interval before it loses any energy by heat into the environment. Find its temperature increase.
Consider these scenarios and state whether work is done by the system on the environment (SE) or by the environment on the system (ES): (a) opening a carbonated beverage; (b) filling a flat tire; (c) a sealed empty gas can expands on a hot day, bowing out the walls.
Two moles of a monatomic ideal gas such as helium is compressed adiabatically and reversibly from a state (3 atm, 5 L) to a state with pressure 4 atm. (a) Find the volume and temperature of the final state. (b) Find the temperature of the initial state of the gas. (c) Find the work done by the gas in the process. (d) Find the change in internal energy of the gas in the process.
A cylinder containing three moles of nitrogen gas is heated at a constant pressure of 2 atm. The temperature of the gas changes from 300 K to 350 K as a result of the expansion. Find work done (a) on gas, and (b) by the gas by using van der Waals equation of state instead of ideal gas law.
Use a PV diagram such as the one in Figure 22.2 (page 653) to figure out how you could modify an engine to increase the work done.
This problem compares the energy output and heat transfer to the environment by two different types of nuclear power stationsone with the normal efficiency of 34.0%, and another with an improved efficiency of 40.0%. Suppose both have the same heat transfer into the engine in one day. 2.501014J. (a) How much more electrical energy is produced by the more efficient power station? (b) How much less heat transfer occurs to the environment by the more efficient power station? (One type of more ef?cient nuclear power station, the gas—cooled reactor, has not been reliable enough to be economically feasible in spite of its greater eficiency.)
We ordinarily say that U=0 for an isothermal process. Does this assume no phase change takes place? Explain your answer.
In 1816, Robert Stirling, a Scottish minister, patented an engine now known as the Stirling engine. The Stirling engine follows a four-process cycle: two isothermal processes and two constant-volume processes as shown in Figure P22.22. The working substance used in the Stirling engine never leaves the engine. There are no exhaust valves and no internal combustion; instead, the Stirling engine uses an external hot reservoir. Thus, the Stirling engine is very quiet and is used in applications where a quiet engine is important, such as on submarines. Today, the engine is being developed for a wider range of applications. FIGURE P22.22 a. Use Figure P22.22 to estimate the work done by a Stirling engine in one cycle. b. If the engine delivers 500 hp, how many cycles does it make per second? c. If the engine has an efficiency of 20%, how much input power does the engine require?
Review. This problem complements Problem 44 in Chapter 10. In the operation of a single-cylinder internal combustion piston engine, one charge of fuel explodes to drive the piston outward in the power stroke. Part of its energy output is stored in a turning flywheel. This energy is then used to push the piston inward to compress the next charge of fuel and air. In this compression process, assume an original volume of 0.120 L of a diatomic ideal gas at atmospheric pressure is compressed adiabatically to one-eighth of its original volume. (a) Find the work input required to compress the gas. (b) Assume the flywheel is a solid disk of mass 5.10 kg and radius 8.50 cm, turning freely without friction between the power stroke and the compression stroke. How fast must the flywheel turn immediately after the power stroke? This situation represents the minimum angular speed at which the engine can operate without stalling. (c) When the engines operation is well above the point of stalling, assume the flywheel puts 5.00% of its maximum energy into compressing the next charge of fuel and air. Find its maximum angular speed in this case.