1. In an experiment, 0.30 mol H2 and 0.30 mol I2 are mixed in a 1.00-L container, and the reaction forms HI. If Ke = 49. for this reaction, what is the equilibrium concentration of HI? H2(g) + I2(g)= = 2HI(g) 2. 2. Which of the following is true for a system whose equilibrium constant is much smaller than one? a. The reaction mixture contains mostly reactants at equilibrium. b. The reaction mixture contains mostly products at equilibrium. c. The rate of reaction is very slow. d. The moles of reactants and products are relatively similar at equilibrium. e. Both A and C.

1. In an experiment, 0.30 mol H2 and 0.30 mol I2 are mixed in a 1.00-L container, and the reaction forms HI. If Ke = 49. for this reaction, what is the equilibrium concentration of HI? H2(g) + I2(g)= = 2HI(g) 2. 2. Which of the following is true for a system whose equilibrium constant is much smaller than one? a. The reaction mixture contains mostly reactants at equilibrium. b. The reaction mixture contains mostly products at equilibrium. c. The rate of reaction is very slow. d. The moles of reactants and products are relatively similar at equilibrium. e. Both A and C.

Chemistry for Engineering Students

4th Edition

ISBN:9781337398909

Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme

Publisher:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme

Chapter12: Chemical Equilibrium

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 12.41PAE: Because calcium carbonate is a sink for CO32- in a lake, the student in Exercise 12.39 decides to go...

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Hydrogen and carbon dioxide react at a high temperature to give water and carbon monoxide. H2(g) + CO2(g) H2O(g) + CO(g) (a) Laboratory measurements at 986 C show that there are 0.11 mol each of CO and H2O vapor and 0.087 mol each of H2 and CO2 at equilibrium in a 50.0-L container. Calculate the equilibrium constant for the reaction at 986 C. (b) Suppose 0.010 mol each of H2 and CO2 are placed in a 200.0-L container. When equilibrium is achieved at 986 C, what amounts of CO(g) and H2O(g), in moles, would be present? [Use the value of Kc from part (a).]
Because calcium carbonate is a sink for CO32- in a lake, the student in Exercise 12.39 decides to go a step further and examine the equilibrium between carbonate ion and CaCOj. The reaction is Ca2+(aq) + COj2_(aq) ** CaCO,(s) The equilibrium constant for this reaction is 2.1 X 10*. If the initial calcium ion concentration is 0.02 AI and the carbonate concentration is 0.03 AI, what are the equilibrium concentrations of the ions? A student is simulating the carbonic acid—hydrogen carbonate equilibrium in a lake: H2COj(aq) H+(aq) + HCO}‘(aq) K = 4.4 X 10"7 She starts with 0.1000 AI carbonic acid. What are the concentrations of all species at equilibrium?
In Section 13.1 of your text, it is mentioned that equilibrium is reached in a closed system. What is meant by the term closed system. and why is it necessary to have a closed system in order for a system to reach equilibrium? Explain why equilibrium is not reached in an open system.
In Section 17.3 of your text, it is mentioned that equilibrium is reached in a closed system. What is meant by the term “closed system,” and why is it necessary for a system to reach equilibrium? Explain why equilibrium is not reached in an open system.
Describe a nonchemical system that is in equilibrium, and explain how the principles of equilibrium apply to the system.
12.101 An engineer working on a design to extract petroleum from a deep thermal reservoir wishes to capture toxic hydrogen sulfide gases present by reaction with aqueous iron(II) nitrate to form solid iron(II) sulfide. (a) Write the chemical equation for this process, assuming that it reaches equilibrium. (b) What is the equilibrium constant expression for this system? (c) How can the process be manipulated so that it does not reach equilibrium, allowing the continuous removal of hydrogen sulfide?
For the reactionH2(g)+I2(g)2HI(g), consider two possibilities: (a) you mix 0.5 mole of each reactant. allow the system to come to equilibrium, and then add another mole of H2 and allow the system to reach equilibrium again. or (b) you mix 1.5 moles of H2 and 0.5 mole of I2 and allow the system to reach equilibrium. Will the final equilibrium mixture be different for the two procedures? Explain.
Consider the system 4NH3(g)+3O2(g)2N2(g)+6H2O(l)H=1530.4kJ (a) How will the concentration of ammonia at equilibrium be affected by (1) removing O2(g)? (2) adding N2(g)? (3) adding water? (4) expanding the container? (5) increasing the temperature? (b) Which of the above factors will increase the value of K? Which will decrease it?
At 2300 K the equilibrium constant for the formation of NO(g) is 1.7 103. N2(g) + O2(g) 2 NO(g) (a) Analysis shows that the concentrations of N2 and O2 are both 0.25 M, and that of NO is 0.0042 M under certain conditions. Is the system at equilibrium? (b) If the system is not at equilibrium, in which direction does the reaction proceed? (c) When the system is at equilibrium, what are the equilibrium concentrations?
The reaction, 3 H2(g) + N2(g) (g), has the fol lowing equilibrium constants at the temperatures given: atT=25°C,K= 2.8 X 104 at T = 500°C, A = 2.4 X IO"7 At which temperature are reactants favored? At which temperature are products favored? YVhat can you say about the reaction if the equilibrium constant is 1.2 at 127°C?