1. Let's go back to the game played between Charlotte (automobile driver) and Erica (bicyclist). Assume that they are traveling at night. Charlotte could reduce the change of hitting Erica by installing brighter lights. Erica can reduce the change of being hit by wearing a vest. Suppose the cost of brighter lights is $30, and the cost of a vest is $15. The damage done to Erica if there is an accident is $1,000. The table below shows the probabilities of an accident, which depend on the level of care taken by each: No Vest Normal Lights Bright Lights a. What is the efficient level of precaution taken by both sides? Charlotte 8% 3% Erica Vest 5% 1% b. For each of the following rules, determine what level of precaution Charlotte and Erica will take. i. negligence w/ a defense of contributory negligence ii. strict liability with contributory negligence iii. comparative negligence For each rule you will have to complete the payoff tables (I will provide templates on the exam), and then find the equilibrium in each game. c. Who bears the residual risk for each rule? What does that say about Erica's and Charlottes activity levels?

1. Let's go back to the game played between Charlotte (automobile driver) and Erica (bicyclist). Assume that they are traveling at night. Charlotte could reduce the change of hitting Erica by installing brighter lights. Erica can reduce the change of being hit by wearing a vest. Suppose the cost of brighter lights is $30, and the cost of a vest is $15. The damage done to Erica if there is an accident is $1,000. The table below shows the probabilities of an accident, which depend on the level of care taken by each: No Vest Normal Lights Bright Lights a. What is the efficient level of precaution taken by both sides? Charlotte 8% 3% Erica Vest 5% 1% b. For each of the following rules, determine what level of precaution Charlotte and Erica will take. i. negligence w/ a defense of contributory negligence ii. strict liability with contributory negligence iii. comparative negligence For each rule you will have to complete the payoff tables (I will provide templates on the exam), and then find the equilibrium in each game. c. Who bears the residual risk for each rule? What does that say about Erica's and Charlottes activity levels?

Principles of Economics 2e

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781947172364

Author:Steven A. Greenlaw; David Shapiro

Publisher:Steven A. Greenlaw; David Shapiro

Chapter18: Public Economy

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 6SCQ: Anastasia, Emma, and Greta are deciding what to do on a weekend getaway. They each suggest a first,...

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

Theo and Addy are deciding what toys to pick out at the toy store. Depending on what toys they pick, they can play different games together, but they can’t coordinate their choices. They can’t talk to one another at all until after that make their choice. Below is their payout matrix which shows their utility for each choice. All the bold figures are for Theo and all the non bold figures are for Addy. Addy Strategies Theo Strategies Toy Gas Pump Jump Rope Toy food 20 10 10 3 Ball 7 3 9 4 a) If Theo chooses Toy Food, what would be the possible outcomes for Addy? What would be best for Addy? b) If Addy chose a Toy Gas Pump, what are the possible outcomes for Theo? What would be best for Theo? c) Does Addy have a dominant strategy? If yes, what is her strategy? If not how can you tell? d) Does Theo have a dominant strategy? If yes, what is her strategy? If not how…
4. Do you agree with the statement that “the best strategy is to know what you should not do”? Try to justify your own view and possibly illustrate with a real world example
7 my brother and I go out to dinner. There are two items on the menu – hamburgers ($7.5) and steak ($25). My brother and I each get $10 of enjoyment from hamburgers and $20 of enjoyment from steak. · What are the Nash equilibrium strategies/orders if we each pay for our own meal? · What are the Nash equilibrium strategies/orders if we split the final bill?
Consider the following two-player game.First, player 1 selects a number x≥0. Player 2 observes x. Then, simultaneously andindependently, player 1 selects a number y1 and player 2 selects a number y2, at which pointthe game ends.Player 1’s payoff is: u1(x; y1) = −3y21 + 6y1y2 −13x2 + 8xPlayer 2’s payoff is: u2(y2) = 6y1y2 −6y22 + 12xy2Draw the game tree of this game and identify its Subgame Perfect Nash Equilibrium.
H2. One day, Sam and Ryan play odds/evens to see who gets the last doughnut. On command, they each extend one or two fingers. If the sum is odd Sam wins the doughnut, if the sum is even Ryan wins the doughnut. Suppose the payoff from winning the doughnut is 1 and the payoff from losing is 0. a) Illustrate this interaction as a game in matrix form. b) Suppose that Sam thinks that Ryan will play one finger for sure? What will Sam play? Does Sam have reason to think that Ryan will play one finger for sure? c) Do either of them have a strictly dominated strategy? d) Find the pure strategy Nash equilibria of the game, if any. e) Suppose that Sam thinks that Ryan will play one finger or two fingers with even odds. Will Ryan play one finger for sure, play two fingers for sure or play each strategy with even odds? Does Sam have good reason to believe that Ryan will play one finger or two fingers with even odds?
7. A farmer can either invest in irrigation for their farm or not. There's a 30% chance that they will receive adequate rain such that the irrigation is not necessary, and a 70% chance that the irrigation will be useful if acquired. Assume that the farmer will receive $5,000 if their crops are adequately watered, and $1,000 otherwise. Irrigation costs $3,000. For simplicity, assume this is a one-off game and that nature is not perverse.a. Draw the extensive form of this game, with the farmer acting first and nature second.b. What is the expected value of each strategy for the farmer?c. What is the expected value of perfect information on the weather?
Sadaam Hussein is deciding where to hide his weapons of mass destruction(WMD), while the United Nations is deciding where to look for them. Thepayoff to Hussein from successfully hiding WMD is 5 and from havingthem found is 2. For the UN, the payoff to finding WMD is 9 and from notfinding them is 4. Hussein can hide them in facility X, Y, or Z. The UNinspection team has to decide which facilities to check. Because the inspectors are limited in terms of time and personnel, they cannot check allfacilities.a. Suppose the UN has two pure strategies: It can either inspect facilitiesX and Y (both of which are geographically close to each other) orinspect facility Z. Find a Nash equilibrium in mixed strategies.b. Suppose the UN can inspect any two facilities, so that it has three purestrategies. The UN can inspect X and Y, X and Z, or Y and Z. Find aNash equilibrium in mixed strategies.
It is the week before the Yule Ball Dance, and Victor and Ron are each contemplating whether to ask Hermione. As portrayed above, Victor moves first by deciding whether or not to approach Hermione. (Keep in mind that asking a girl to a dance is more frightening than a rogue bludger). If he gets up the gumption to invite her, then Hermione decides whether or not to accept the invitation and go with Victor. After Victor (and possibly Hermione) have acted, Ron decides whether to conquer his case of nerves (perhaps Harry can trick him by making him think he’s drunk Felix Felicis) and finally tell Hermione how he feels about her (and also invite her to the dance). However, note that his information set is such that he doesn’t know what has happened between Victor and Hermione. Ron doesn’t know whether Victor asked Hermione and, if Victor did, whether Hermione accepted. If Ron does invite Hermione and she is not going with Victor— either because Victor didn’t ask, or he did and she…
1. In the Traveler’s Dilemma, each of two people chooses a number between 180and 300. Each is paid the lower of the two numbers, but the person who choosesthe higher number must pay an amount x to the person who chose the lowernumber. In one case, x = 5, while in the other case x = 180. What differencewould you expect between choices with the two values of x?a. Higher choices when x = 5.b. Higher choices when x = 180.c. Little or no difference.d. Impossible to predict.2. Consider these statements about communication in experiments.1. Chat communication is usually more effective than written simple signals (A,B, etc.).2. Friendly appeals to mutual interest and payoff dominance are effective.3. Promises often affect beliefs and actions.4. A promise is not worth the paper it is printed on.Which of these are true?a. 1 and 2b. 1 and 3c. 2 and 3d. 1, 2, and 33. A treasure is hidden under one of the four boxes below. A person gets twoguesses to find the treasure. What do you think is the most…
Suppose you would have to pay Alicia at least $150 to get her to part with a ticket she just bought to see her favorite band play next Friday. Loss aversion implies that if Alicia had not yet bought the ticket, she would: Multiple Choice no longer be interested in purchasing it. be willing to pay more than $150 for it. be willing to pay exactly $150 for it. be willing to pay less than $150 for it.
please discuss the separation eqilibrium in details 1. Assume that two players play the Tinder game. There are two types of potential boyfriends: the gentleman (25% of the population) and the douchebag (75% of the population), and they can decide on the different level of effort: low, medium, and high. For the first type, the respective costs are 30, 50, and 80. For the second type, the respective costs are 50, 75, and 120. For the potential boyfriend, the payoff from being in relationship is 130, and the payoff associated with being dumped is 70. The girl can get 60 if she stays single, 100 if she is in relationship with the gentleman, and 25 if she dates the douchebag (credits to Owen Sims) a) Present the game in the extensive form b) Calculate the expected pay-off for the girl. Should she date at all? c) Discuss whether the game has a separating equilibrium
In the movie Rebel Without a Cause, James Dean and Buzz Gunderson compete for thefavours of sixteen year old Judy. Buzz's gang members steal two cars. The group of teenagers gathers on aLos Angeles lookout, with a cliff that drops down to the Pacific Ocean. James and Buzz are to drive the stolencars toward the cliff. The first person to jump from his car is declared the chicken (which is bad). The lastperson to jump is the hero (which is good), capturing Judy's affection and the gang's respect. The driverlesscars continue over the cliff and plunge to the rocks at its base.Each driver can make two possible actions. Jump when he feels endangered (be a chicken) or jump AFTERthe other driver jumps (be a rooster). Assuming that both feel endangered at the same moment, the followingmatrix represents the payoffs for James and Buzz for each choice of strategy.BuzzChicken RoosterJames Chicken 3, 3 -10, 20Rooster 20, -10 -50, -50 PLEASE ANSWER THE BELOW QUESTION WITH REFERECE TO THE ABOVE…