1. Nuclear fission is . 2. By assuming that g is 10 N/kg and that air resistance and other frictional forces are negligible, and an object has a mass of 6 kg. Thus, the gravitational potential energy is . 3. Thermal power stations can cause pollution in a variety of ways: a. b . C. . 4. Thermal heat is transferred from the hot endto the cold end, this process is called. .

1. Nuclear fission is . 2. By assuming that g is 10 N/kg and that air resistance and other frictional forces are negligible, and an object has a mass of 6 kg. Thus, the gravitational potential energy is . 3. Thermal power stations can cause pollution in a variety of ways: a. b . C. . 4. Thermal heat is transferred from the hot endto the cold end, this process is called. .

University Physics Volume 3

17th Edition

ISBN:9781938168185

Author:William Moebs, Jeff Sanny

Publisher:William Moebs, Jeff Sanny

Chapter10: Nuclear Physics

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 77AP: A nuclear physicist finds 1.0of 236Uin a piece of uranium ore (T1/2=2.348107y) . (a) Use die decay...

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Construct Your Own Problem Consider the decay of radioactive substances in the Earth's interior. The energy emitted is converted to thermal energy that reaches the earth's surface and is radiated away into cold dark space. Construct a problem in which you estimate the activity in a cubic meter of earth rock? And then calculate the power generated. Calculate how much power must cross each square meter of the Earth’s surface if the power is dissipated at the same rate as it is generated. Among the things to consider are the activity per cubic meter, the energy per decay, and the size of the Earth.
A nuclear physicist finds 1.0of 236Uin a piece of uranium ore (T1/2=2.348107y) . (a) Use die decay law to determine how much 236Uwould had to have been on Earth when it formed 4.543109yago for 1.0gto be left today, (b) What is unreasonable about this result? (c) How is this unreasonable result resolved?
What are isotopes? Why do isotopes of the same atom share the same chemical properties?
What is the source of the energy emitted in radioactive decay? Identify an earlier conservation law, and describe how it was modi?ed to take such processes into account.
Integrated Concepts One scheme to put nuclear weapons to nonmilitary use is to explode them underground in a geologically stable region and extract the geothermal energy for electricity production. There was a total yield of about 4,000 MT in the combined arsenals in 2006. If 1.00 MT per day could be converted to electricity with an ef?ciency of 10.0%: (a) What would the average electrical power output be? (b) How many years would the arsenal last at this rate?
Unreasonable Results A frazzled theoretical physicist reckons that all conservation laws are obeyed in the decay of a proton into a neutron, positron, and neutrino (as in (+ decay of a nucleus) and sends a paper to a journal to announce the reaction as a possible end of the universe due to the spontaneous decay of protons. (a) What energy is released in this decay? (b) What is unreasonable about this result? (c) What assumption is responsible?
(a) Calculate the energy released by the fusion of a 1.00-kg mixture of deuterium and tritium, which produces helium. Tire re are equal numbers of deuterium and tritium nuclei in the mixture. (b) If this process takes place continuously over a period of a year, what is the average power output?
What radioisotope could be a problem in homes built of cinder blocks made from uranium mine tailings? (This is true of homes and schools in certain regions near uranium mines.)
A group of scientists use carbon dating to date a piece of wood to be 3 billion years old. Why doesn’t this make sense?
What are isotopes? Why do different isotopes of the same element have similar chemistries?
Unreasonable Results A physicist scatters (rays from a substance and sees evidence of a nucleus 7.51013m in radius. (a) Find the atomic mass of such a nucleus. (b) What is unreasonable about this result? (c) What is unreasonable about the assumption?
Integrated Concepts: (a) What temperature gas would have atoms moving fast enough to bring two 3He nuclei into contact? Note that, because both are moving, the average kinetic energy only needs to be half the electric potential energy of these doubly charged nuclei when just in contact with one another. (b) Does this high temperature imply practical difficulties for doing this in controlled fusion?